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  • 學位論文

利用底泥毒性鑑定評估進行二仁溪底泥相關污染物確認

Identifying the causes of sediment-associated contamination in the Erren River using sediment toxicity identification evaluations

指導教授 : 謝季吟

摘要


本研究主要目的為利用端足目動物(Hyalella azteca)做為底泥生物毒性試驗物種,篩選二仁溪(ER1~ER10)及三爺溪(SY1~SY5)污染底泥進行毒性試驗,運用全底泥(whole sediment)和孔隙水(porewater)毒性鑑定評估(Toxicity Identification Evaluation, TIE)技術描述和鑑定溪流底泥的主要毒性來源。藉由實驗結果計算Hyalella azteca暴露於含有污染物底泥的存活率,評估受污染底泥毒性對生態系統的影響,以探討工業發展導致水體污染蓄積於底泥後所可能導致的生物效應,是否可能透過食物鏈產生生物累積或生物放大作用對生態環境及生物體造成衝擊。本研究結果顯示全底泥TIE樣站ER8及SY5,主要毒性來源為氨氮,添加沸石會顯著降低毒性;而樣站ER4、ER9是由氨氮及重金屬(Zn、Cd、Cr、As)所引起的毒性;樣站ER6為Cr金屬導致其毒性。本研究結果顯示孔隙水TIE樣站ER8,主要毒性是氨氮,添加沸石會顯著降低毒性;樣站ER2,主要毒性是氨氮及ΣPAHs,添加沸石及固相萃取後會顯著降低毒性;而樣站ER3、SY1及SY3是由於重金屬(Zn、Ni、Pb、Cd、Cr、As)所引起的毒性,添加EDTA會顯著降低其毒性。TIE是用於毒性測試,再配合特定化學品分析之綜合方法,這種方法可以更容易地追踪毒物的來源,以降低毒性。總體而言,環境底泥及孔隙水樣品中不同類別的化合物(有機和無機)和毒性之間存在顯著相關性,但這些相關性並不代表兩者和毒性之間存在著直接的因果關係,包括可能存在於底泥中有機碳或孔隙水萃取流程中會改變底泥動態平衡都可能是影響毒性的因子。由於全底泥和孔隙水TIE研究的底泥毒性不同,使用兩種TIE方法分別進行風險評估,未來也將探討其相關性,可提供底泥毒性更準確的風險評估。

並列摘要


This study utilized freshwater amphipods (Hyalella azteca) as the sediment toxicity test species for testing sediment-associated contaminants in order to screen for contamination risk levels in the Erren River (ER1~ER10) and San Ye River (SY1~SY5).In addition, toxicity identification evaluations (TIE)involving the manipulation of whole sediment and porewater samples were conducted to identify causative contaminants. Impacts to the aquatic environment were then evaluated in order to explore how industrial development led to contaminants accumulating in sediments and the biological effects that can result. Furthermore, biological impacts from accumulation or biomagnification in the aquatic food chain were explored. Whole-sediment TIE indicated that the major toxicant at sampling sites ER8 and SY5 was ammonia and that its toxicity was significantly reduced by the addition of zeolite. Toxicity at sampling sites ER4 and ER9 was induced by ammonia and heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Cr, As),where as metallic Cr was at toxic levels at ER6. Furthermore, the major toxic contaminant in porewater at ER8 was ammonia, and again zeolite significantly reduced its levels. Toxicity at sampling sites ER2 was induced by ammonia and ΣPAHs at sampling sites ER3, SY1, and SY3, and is caused by heavy metals (Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cr, As) identified by adding a chelating agent (EDTA). TIE can be used to confirm that a causative toxicant has been correctly identified and quantitatively correlate its measured toxicity to its concentration. This study revealed that different compounds (organic or inorganic) in whole sediment and porewater are highly characteristic of specific toxicants; however, other factors, chemicals, or organic carbons defy identification and are still cryptic. Due to the different toxicities of whole sediment and porewaters, TIE studies conducted to assess risks and correlations are discussed in order to reveal the causes of toxicity.

參考文獻


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