女性軍職人員職場表現因素之研究－以中部地區某單位為例

早期國軍女性派任，僅限於護理、政戰等內勤領域，隨著性別平等意識提高、現代軍事科技日益提升，以及政府積極推廣募兵政策，近年來女性從軍人數便逐年增加，女性從原先擔任政工或護理的職務，漸漸走向各專業領域及領導幹部，從高司單位至軍中基層部隊，分別擔負起保家衛國責任，以達成建軍需求；然而在女性軍職人數逐年提升的情況下，如何在向來是以男性為主的部隊生態脫穎而出，成為優秀的軍人，是一項值得研究的議題。鑒於國內針對軍中女性軍職人員職場表現之行為相關研究並不多見，遂引發本研究之動機。透過質性研究中的深度訪談訪，分析整理出女性進入軍中的原因，其中家人的鼓勵和家庭影響居多，她們將軍職視為一份穩定的工作，而持續讓女性擔任軍人這個職業，必須要有家庭當作背後強大的靠山；女性軍職在以男性為主的職場發展生涯中，付出的努力及表現，必須較男性為多，並且必須武裝自我來面對陽剛性較強的工作，以突破隱形的玻璃天花板。然而在講求兩性平權的時代裡，實際上，兩性不管在身、心理均不盡相同，要有齊頭式的公平，是不合於情理的，因此，在軍中體制下，兩性應要有認知，性別分工的互助因果，在要求兩性平權的同時，也需注意到男、女間的差異來制定相關政策，讓女性軍職人員取得個人、職場與家庭之平衡。期能依據本研究結果提出之建議，供女性軍人及相關單位在研擬政策時參考，進而讓女性軍職人員走出職場困境，並適任於軍中，達到長留久用的目標，以提升組織效能。

關鍵字

女性軍職人員；兩性平權；職場與家庭之平衡

並列摘要

Once, the Republic of China Armed Forces recruited women only for nursing or internal services. With increasing awareness of the need for gender equality, improvements in military technology, and government policies that actively promote their recruitment, the number of women in the military is rising. From their original administerial or nursing roles, women have gradually moved toward different professional and leadership areas, from high-level divisions to officials at basic levels. At each level, women share the responsibility of defending their home and country and developing the military. With the increasing number of women in the military, a topic worth studying has become how can women stand out in traditionally male-dominated military forces to be outstanding soldiers. The motivation of this study was to address the lack of Taiwanese studies on the workplace behavior of female members of the military. Through qualitative research involving in-depth interviews, women’s reasons for enlisting were analyzed and summarized. Family encouragement and family influences comprise the majority of reasons. These women see the military as providing a stable occupation, and family support is a requirement for women to continue their military careers. In the military, which again has traditionally been dominated by men, women must work harder and perform better than men as well as equip themselves to face jobs that are somewhat masculine in nature in order to break through glass ceilings. However, even in an era approaching gender equality, the two sexes are not the same physically or psychologically. Calls for uniform equality are unreasonable. Therefore, in military systems, both sexes should recognize the cause and effects of mutual assistance in gendered divisions of labor. When calls for gender equality are made, differences between men and women should be considered, especially when policies are drafted, to allow female military personnel to balance their individual, professional, and family needs. The author hopes that the suggestions proposed in this study can provide a reference for female military personnel and other units drafting policies designed to help resolve workplace difficulties, leading to the appointment of and long careers for female military personnel and improvements in organizational efficacy.