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建築物入口處懸臂式雨遮受風壓影響之研究

A Study of Wind Pressure on Cantilever Canopy Attached at Building Entrance

指導教授 : 包匡
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摘要


近年來由於溫室效應造成氣候變遷急劇,導致各地微氣候隨之變化,建築物周邊環境之風場亦產生異常更動,民眾為出入建築物時能夠有適度遮風避雨的便利,而設置有相當深度的雨遮,其中以懸臂式者居多,由於其輕便易施工,使得這種附屬構造物比比皆是,但此舉卻使得遮雨容易遭受到強風侵襲而不自知,因此產生不同程度上的影響及破壞,小則導致接頭鬆動疲乏,大而導致遮雨構造斷裂分離,因掉落而對人員物品的傷害及破壞;此為值得注意的一項議題。 本研究目的在探討設置於建築物入口處的懸臂式雨遮,其各部分所受風壓之程度,擬由風洞實驗方式來獲得相關數據,以建築物設置的雨遮為樣本,於不同方向風場進行實驗,使其正面、側面所受之風壓所產生的影響,並深入探討即提出因應措施。 本實驗於低速內使用均值之平行流風速來進行試驗,各項實驗模型設定範圍如下: 1.雨遮形式 : 以常見之懸臂式透明雨遮為主,構成形式為大多數 之一般鋼骨支撐方式建構者。 2.雨遮尺度 : 以一般建築物之入口處設置雨遮平均高度、平均長 度及二種居多的深度進行實驗,實驗之模型比例以不超過阻塞 比為主。 以上述規格來進行風洞實驗,配合相關量測儀器來測量雨遮所受風壓之變化,並探討產生表面壓力與推升力之風的流況;將所得數據加以分析,並找出風場影響最大及影響最小之區位和壓力值,透過量測分析的結果找出亦受損之位置及應補強之部分,對於往後在構造施作上也給予評估參考之根據,期望能降低風災對附屬設施的破壞,減少不必要的損失及避免其對居家環境安全上的影響。研究及實驗以擾動風壓來做為設計規範,亦將是本文所探討的部分。

關鍵字

雨遮 表面風壓 風洞試驗

並列摘要


Because the global warming, the weather changed drastically in recent years. This caused microclimate varied uncertainly in everywhere. The building and its environment started to some effects to these influence. For their convenience, people like to place a certain depth of canopy or awing above the entrance to cover the rainfall and sunshine. Most of them are cantilever type. Because the light weight and easy to mount on, these canopies are set all over the place in the area. But the canopy is easy to be attacked by strong wind and caused different level of effects and damages. From light situation as bolt loosing or fatigue to strong condition as structure tore up or broken, the canopy panel system will fall down to injure people and impair their properties. So this is an important issue that worth paying attention. The purposes of this research are trying to understand the wind pressure on each part of the canopy when install at the upper part of the entrance. The research will use wind tunnel testing to examine the wind pressure which acting on different area of the canopy model. From the testing to collect necessary data in the wind environment, in order to find out the front, lateral, top and bottom part pressures. The testing will take empty tunnel to use stable mean value parallel wind flow to proceed. The experimental model will be arranged according to the regulations as below: 1. The canopy style- Using cantilever glass canopy as major model. The structure pattern is steel frame beam to support the glass canopy. 2. The canopy size- Using the average length and two different of depth with average entrance height for testing. It will not exceed the blockage ratio. Using necessary instruments and equipment to set up the testing spots in order to measure the pressure on each surface and upward lifting forces of wind flow, we will find out the maximum and minimum pressure area on the canopy. From the analysis, we will find the wind effects on the canopy to strengthen and improve the poor position of the canopy. These results will be used as reference for future development and mitigate the damages to avoid the unnecessary losses and promote the living safety.

參考文獻


12.楊循生,2005,"從大氣邊界層內風速與風壓看隨高度之變化",
10.陳彥志,2008,"室外風場對風壓通風影響之實驗研究",國立中
5.周辰穎,2006,"陣風效應對風力機發電量影響之實驗研究",國
Vol.162, pp. 283-298.
Engineering, Proceedings…Texas Tech University,

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