大班幼兒睡前行為、干擾因素與睡眠品質之研究

Young Children’s Bedtime Behavior, Interference Factors and Sleep Quality

黃意君(Yi-Jun Huang)

指導教授 ： 蔡嫦娟

朝陽科技大學/人文暨社會學院/幼兒保育系/碩士(2012年)

摘要

本研究目的在探討影響大班幼兒睡眠品質之相關因素，以及睡眠品質會造成身心健康發展的差異情形。以自編結構式問卷讓家長回想ㄧ週內幼兒的睡眠情形填答，採方便抽樣大台中公私立幼稚園，總共發出524份問卷，回收有效問卷424份，以描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、卡方檢定、單因子變異數分析等方法進行統計分析。
根據研究結果得到以下結論：
1.大班幼兒睡前行為主要是上廁所、簡單盥洗與關燈，睡眠方式則與父母同房同床為多。而睡眠干擾因素主要是睡前聊天、還在睡前準備、玩玩具、看電視。睡眠環境則是開小夜燈入睡。另外，睡眠品質指標指出，大多數幼兒晚上21:31~22:00入睡、早上6:31~7:00起床、睡眠長度在8到10小時之間、在床上6-15分鐘入眠、賴床程度不嚴重大約5分鐘以內就會起床、睡眠中斷的原因依序 為身體不舒服、內心害怕、噩夢、夜驚。
2.睡眠品質不會因為性別而有所不同。
3.大班幼兒平日一週內睡前行為與睡眠品質的差異情形，晚上睡前關燈次數愈高，幼兒早上起床時間愈早以及睡眠愈不會中斷；與父母同房同床睡次數愈多，幼兒愈晚睡，而自己獨睡的幼兒，比有跟父母同房同床的幼兒夜間睡眠長度還長。另外，幼兒習慣安撫物的次數並不影響睡眠品質。
4.大班幼兒睡前玩玩具和聊天的次數愈多，幼兒晚上上床時間愈晚；睡前看電視和吃消夜次數愈高，會在床上入眠時間愈久；大班幼兒睡前激烈運動、玩玩具和還在進行睡眠準備次數愈高，賴床程度愈高；大班幼兒睡前玩玩具和聊天次數愈高，睡眠中斷程度愈嚴重；在寢室愈多次看電視入睡，賴床愈嚴重。
5.大班幼兒平日一週內睡眠品質對身心健康影響的差異情形，主要是早上晚起對身高、體重、BMI才會愈較高、較重、數值較高，而白天精神狀況和學習狀況則要愈早起愈好；夜間睡眠長度愈長，身高和體重愈高愈重；在床上愈快入睡，對食量、情緒穩定度和學習狀況就會愈好；大班幼兒愈不會賴床，情緒掌握度愈好；睡眠中斷程度愈高，注意力愈低。
最後，依據以上研究發現，提出具體建議，以幼兒家長、教育工作者和未來研究方面提出建議。

關鍵字

睡眠品質 ； 睡前行為 ； 干擾因素

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate what factors would influence young children’s sleep quality and sleep quality would cause different situations of mental and physical development. This study was to sample parents who live in Taichung to recall young children’s sleep conditions of the week and filled out the questionnaires which were carried out in the form of quasi-experimental design. The questionnaires were distributed 524 to young children’s parents from the public and private kindergartens, and the number of the returned questionnaires was 424. This study was applied to analyzed descriptive statistics, independence sample t-test, Chis-quare test and one way ANOVA etc.
To generalize conclusions from analyzing information as follows:
1. The bedtime behaviors of young children generally include using the bathroom, brushing their teeth, washing their faces, and turning off the lights. Most young children sleep in the same bed as their parents. Chatting, playing with toys, or watching television before bed all directly contribute to an increase in interference toward the child''s sleep; even a small night light in the room can increase the level of interference. The index of sleep quality shows that most young children fall asleep between 9:31 and 10:00 at night and wake up between 6:31 and 7:00 the following morning. On average, most young children sleep between 8 to 10 hours each night, spending 6 to 15 minutes falling asleep and then lying in bed awake each morning for 5 minutes or less before getting up. An interruption in these patterns is usually due to discomfort, fear, or nightmares.
2. The gender of the child has no bearing on the quality of sleep.
3. Over the period of a week, bedtime behaviors and the quality of sleep vary according to a few specific factors. Turning the lights off before the child goes to sleep can increase the rate of uninterrupted sleep and induce the child to get up earlier in the morning. Children who share a room or bed with the parents tend to go to sleep later and get less sleep than those who sleep separately. In addition, pacifying items have no bearing on the quality of sleep.
4. The more young children chat and play with toys before bed, the later they will go to sleep. Watching television and eating snacks before bed increases the time it takes required for a child to fall asleep. Intense exercise or playing with toys while getting ready for bed increases the amount of time a child spends lying awake in bed before getting up the next morning. Playing with toys or chatting before bed decreases the likelihood of uninterrupted sleep. Watching television in the bedroom, while falling asleep, increases the amount of time a child spends lying awake in bed before getting up the next morning.
5. The differences were young children’s mental and physical development which were influenced by sleep quality. The main reason was that sufficient sleep would benefit height, weight and BMI, and it would also advantage mental condition and learning abilities in the early morning. The length of sleep duration was longer that heights would be taller and weights would be heavier. Falling asleep in the bed at once would advance appetites, stable moods and learning abilities. On the contrary, the sleep interruption was getting worse so that attentions were getting less.
Eventually, according to this study can refer to young children’s parents, educators and research.
Keywords: Bedtime behavior, Interference factor, Sleep quality

並列關鍵字

Interference factor ； Bedtime behavior ； Sleep quality

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