大氣細懸浮微粒與鉛濃度分析不確定度評估

The Uncertainty Evaluation for the Analysis of Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter and Lead Concentrations

邱千綺(Chien-Chi Chiu)

指導教授 ： 楊錫賢

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/環境工程與管理系/碩士(2015年)

摘要

本研究係引用依據ISO GUM 與財團法人全國認證基金會 (Taiwan Accreditation Foundation) 量測不確定度之指引方式來執行評估，研究探討以行政院環境保護署公告檢測方法「空氣中懸浮微粒 (PM2.5)檢測方法-手動採樣法」(NIEA A205.11C) 之採樣規範，執行採樣過程所產生的不確定度評估。現行PM2.5手動採樣方法使用之設備種類相當多，每一種儀器設備使用的原理也不盡相同，如高流量採樣、分道採樣器、微孔均勻沉積衝擊器、環形擴散採樣器等，可能因為採樣原理、採樣器構造差異與所裝置的微粒分徑器、濕度環境調理及採樣流率設定等不同，導致數據有所差異。本研究探討試驗過程中的採樣器流率及時間、採樣前濾紙稱重、濾紙調理環境、金屬成份分析儀 (ICP-OES) 空白試驗、Pb金屬濃度分析量測等變異因素，並透過 ISO GUM 指引量測不確定度八大步驟，進行不確定度評估。綜合試驗分析結果顯示上述變異因素所產生的不確定度貢獻，由現行法規所規範之容許誤差評估相對標準不確定度以採樣器的體積流率與採樣前濾紙調理與稱重溼度控制所貢獻分別為最高的2.89%，其次為流率之變異係數1.15%、採樣前濾紙調理與稱重溫度控制0.42%、採樣時間0.04%。再由試驗數值評估標準不確定度以Pb金屬濃度分析量測變異貢獻度最高1.82%，其次為金屬成份分析儀 (ICP-OES) 空白試驗變異1.78%、採樣前濾紙稱重變異0.37%。

關鍵字

手動採樣 ； PM2.5 ； 量測不確定度 ； ICP-OES ； 鉛成分分析

並列摘要

This study adapted the procedure proposed by ISO GUM and Taiwan Accreditation Foundation to evaluate the measurement uncertainty of atmospheric PM2.5 and lead concentrations. “Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Test — Manual Sampling” (NIEA 205.11C)” proposed by Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) was used to collect atmospheric PM2.5 samples. There are numerous commercial equipments for PM2.5 sampling. For example, high-volume air sampler, dichotomous sampler, Micro-orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor, Annular Denuder System, etc. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influences of some factors (flow rate of sampler, time, weight of filter paper before sampling, and filter paper conditioning environment) on the measurement of PM2.5, and metal composition analyzer (ICP-OES) blank test, Pb metal concentration measured factors such as variation.
According to the procedure of ISO GUM measuring guides for conducting uncertainty evaluation and summing up tests results, the results show that the uncertainty contribution of the above factors are: the volume of flow rate for sampler and filter paper conditioning environment and humidity control on weighting are both 2.89%, the coefficient of variance for flow rate is 1.15%, weight of filter paper before sampling and temperature control on weighting is 0.42%, the sampling time is 0.04%. Standard uncertainty contribution on the analytical measurement for Pb concentration is 1.82%. Standard uncertainty contribution on ICP-OES blank test is 1.78%, weight of filter paper before sampling is 0.37%.

並列關鍵字

manual sampling ； PM2.5 ； measurement uncertainty ； ICP-OES ； lead concentration

參考文獻

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