高齡者居住型態選擇之研究—以台灣中部地區為例

A Study of Living Pattern Selection for the Older Adult—Evidences from Central Taiwan

李諸元(Chu-Yuan LEE)

指導教授 ： 張鐵軍

朝陽科技大學/管理學院/企業管理系/碩士(2020年)

摘要

有鑑於許多國家的人口結構轉變為高齡化社會，因此老人居住上的需求日漸增加，進而使老人居住型態的課題受到許多關注，也衍生許多待解決的課題。基此，本研究試著從高齡者的觀點去探討其居住選擇及老人住宅政策的相關因素。本研究共發出問卷300份，總共回收134份有效問卷。根據研究結果，提出以下結論與建議：
1.在高齡者居住型態選擇上：多數高齡者選擇住在與子女鄰近的住處或與子女同住。在影響居住型態選擇的因素中，子女是高齡者優先考慮的重要因素。
2.在高齡者居住型態改變上：高齡者面對居住型態需改變時，多半傾向住在原本熟悉的地方，並不想搬離目前的居住地，也就是說不想改變當前的居住型態(主要原因是熟悉原居地的環境、不想離開原居地的社群或人際關係)。
3.在可選擇更高品質的居住環境時，高齡者是願意改變居住環境的，其中最重要的考量因素為：便利的交通設施、安全醫療設施及優美的居住景觀等。
4.在選擇入住老人住宅上：主要考量是可追求充滿休閒的生活、尋找到年齡相近的朋友及享有專門為高齡者設計的生活設施。
5.建議政府對有入住老人住宅需求者，可以社會福利政策提供高齡者入住老人住宅之費用補貼，讓有需要入住老人住宅者，可降低入住門檻及提高入住意願。

關鍵字

高齡者 ； 居住型態 ； 老人住宅 ； 老人住宅政策 ； 社會福利

並列摘要

In the transitioning demographic structure of many countries towards an aging society, the demand for elderly housing is increasing progressively. This leads to more awareness around senior living arrangement and other relevant unsolved issues. This research aims to explore relevant factors of senior housing choices and policies, from the perspective of the elderly. A total of 300 questionnaires were sent out in this study, and 134 valid questionnaires were obtained. Based on the research results, the following conclusions and recommendations are put forward:
1. In terms of the choice of living style: Most elderly people choose to live in a residence close to their children or live with their children. Among the factors that affect the choice of residence, children are an important factor that the elderly give priority to.
2. Regarding the change in the living patterns: When facing the need to change living patterns most of the elderly tend to reside in a place they are familiar with, meaning they do not want to change their current living pattern (The top reasons are (1) they are familiar with their current environment, (2) they do not want to leave their current community or (3) they do not want to leave their established relationships).
3. When deciding upon a better-quality living environment, the elderly is willing to change their living environment. The most important considerations include convenient transportation systems, convenient medical facilities and beautiful residential landscapes.
4. In choosing to live in a retirement home: The main consideration is to pursue a leisurely life with friends of similar age, in enjoyable living facility especially designed for the elderly.
5. It is recommended that the government provide subsidies for the elderly in need through social welfare policies to lower entry thresholds thus encouraging them to stay.

並列關鍵字

The elderly ； Living arrangement ； Senior housing ； Housing policies for the elderly ； Social welfare

參考文獻

一、中文部分

內政部(2009)。老人狀況調查報告，內政部統計處編印。

王阿保(1990)。都市地區老人安養方式之研究— 家庭安養與機構安養兩類資料比較分析。未出版之碩士論文，台灣大學社會學研究所碩士，台北。

王德睦、陳寬政(1988)。現代化人口轉型與家戶組成：一個社會變遷理論之驗證，收入於楊國樞、瞿海源編，變遷中的台灣社會，中研院民族學研究所，台北，頁45 - 59。

王德睦、陳寬政(1996)台灣地區家戶組成之推計，台灣社會學刊，(19)，頁9-33。