經濟困境單親母親的社會支持與幼兒親子教養

本研究以質性研究的訪談法深入了解三位育有幼兒的經濟困境單親母親，她們如何尋求正式與非正式社會支持，以及她們與孩子的親子關係、教養態度、教養行為。結合文獻探討的理論引導，分析與歸納訪談內容，提出結論：一、在社會支持方面，政府與民間福利團體的正式支持，和親戚、社區鄰里的非正式支持，對三位受訪者的經濟資源與幼兒托育是幫助最主要的部份。二、在親子教養方面，三位受訪者的孩子在早期發展依附關係的時候都沒有嚴重的特殊現象。三位受訪者都不是寬大驕寵型或拒絕忽視型的教養態度，她們不希望縱容和放任孩子，也不會拒絕和疏忽對於孩子的回應。她們的共通性在於重視孩子獨立自主，兼具感應孩子的需求和合理要求孩子遵守規範，例如品格教育、不允許說謊。她們不體罰也不強迫，所以也不屬於專制的教養。三、三位受訪者的教養行為都是主動積極關懷孩子，她們對於孩子學習狀況的輔導、偏重社會性獎賞優於物質滿足來鼓勵孩子、培養與孩子分享美好經驗，都展現出她們用心良苦，即使是單親家庭，母親深愛孩子的表現就像一般家長一樣，站在處處為孩子著想的立場。

關鍵字

經濟困境；單親母親；社會支持；親子教養

並列摘要

This study uses the qualitative research interview method to understand the three single mothers in financial difficulties, how do they seek formal and informal social supports, and their parent-child relationships, parenting attitudes, parenting behaviors. This study analysis and summary of interview content, combined with the theoretical guidance of literature discussion, and drew conclusions.(1)Because of the formal support of the government and private welfare groups, as well as the informal support of relatives and community neighborhoods, the economic resources and child care are the most important part of the help for the three interviewees.(2)In parenting, none of the children of the three interviewees developed serious special phenomena in the early development of attachment. None of the three interviewees were permissive or rejecting-neglecting parenting. They do not want to indulge and let their children go, nor will they refuse and neglect their responses to their children. Their commonality is to value children’s independence, and they have both the needs of sensing children and reasonable requirements for children to abide by the norms, such as character education and not allowed to lie. They do not use corporal punishment nor forced, so they are not authoritarian parenting.(3)The upbringing behaviors of the three interviewees all took the initiative to care for their children, and tutor their children’s learning, encourage children by social rewards better than material satisfaction, and share beautiful experiences with children, so they show good intentions. Even they are single mothers, they love their children just like ordinary parents and think for children always.