有機廢棄物微生物電解電池之最佳化產氫研究

Optimgation study of hydrogen production with organic waste microbial electrolysis cells

蘇天啟(Tien-Chi Su)

指導教授 ： 羅煌木

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/環境工程與管理系/碩士(2014年)

摘要

由於工業革命帶動經濟的快速成長，同時伴隨著能源快速消耗，全球有80％的能源使用是來自化石燃料，造成空氣中的二氧化碳濃度不停攀升，衍生出全球溫室效應及氣候變遷等問題。因此尋求一種替代能源可以同時解決能源需求與減少二氧化碳排放等研究與應用，成為一個重大的議題。而在各種替代能源中，氫氣被視為最潔淨之能源，主要是因為氫氣具備永續供應及高熱能等特性，對環境不會造成傷害。其製造可經由生質物轉換取得，並利用微生物暗醱酵代謝機制將有機物質分解為二氧化碳，同時獲得較高純度的氫氣。
本研究利用有機廢棄物（都市固體廢棄物、都市污泥與廚餘）進行微生物電解電池基質最佳產氫效能之研究探討。
本研究厭氧污泥經熱處理或酸處理可達到分離產氫優勢菌群，抑制甲烷菌群，以達到氫氣成分比例的提升。將熱處理（100℃，1小時）之污泥以有機合成垃圾基質馴養至每日產氣量穩定後再配置類似人類生活的合成垃圾加以馴養後，再以文獻指出之最佳產氣電壓0.6V（Liang et al.,2011）進行微生物電解電池之不同極板配置去實驗測試產氫效率，並觀察每日產氣量、厭氧基本監測參數（pH、ORP、EC、SAL）、厭氧參數分析（COD、TS/VS、鹼度揮發酸）。
單槽式微生物電解電池工作體積為4公升，進料量依照固體物停留時間 （Solid retention time, SRT） 20天為200 mL d-1合成垃圾基質，出料之消化產物進行各項參數分析；結果顯示，在MEA以及PEM等不同電極配製下，其產氣量分別為36500mL及28000mL，而整體氫氣濃度也因為添加電壓後有顯著的提升，其MEA在未加電壓前最高氫氣含量為27.408%，在添加電壓後最高氫氣含量為52.7805%；PEM在未加電壓前最高氫氣含量為27.3564%，在添加電壓後最高氫氣含量為37.4553%。

關鍵字

鹼度揮發酸 ； 甲烷 ； 氫氣 ； 微生物電解電池 ； MEA ； PEM

並列摘要

Since the industrial revolution promotes rapid growth of the economy, along with fast energy consumption, and 80 % of the world's energy comes from fossil fuels, causing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air increases constantly and generating problems of global warming, climate change and etc. Therefore, to seek alternative energy that can solve the problem of energy demand and research and application of reducing carbon dioxide emissions at the same time has become a major issue. Among all kinds of alternative energy, hydrogen is regarded as the cleanest energy, mainly because the hydrogen has sustainable supply and features such as high heat, and it doesn’t damage the environment. It can be obtained from biomass conversion,using the metabolic mechanism of microbial dark fermentation to decompose organic matter into carbon dioxide, and meanwhile obtaining high purity hydrogen.
This study has research and discussion on using organic wastes (municipal solid waste, urban sludge and kitchen waste) to conduct microbial electrolysis cell substrate to get the optimal efficiency of hydrogen production.
This study analyzes that the anaerobic sludge can separate advantage bacteria group of hydrogen production by thermal treatment or acid treatment, inhibits Methanogenic bacteria group, in order to increase the proportion of hydrogen gas composition. Cultivating synthetic organic waste substrate with anaerobic sludge which has thermal treatment（100℃, 1hour）to produce gas daily, when the gas production rate is stable, reconfigure synthetic waste which is similar to human life’s waste to cultivate, and then conduct experiment of different electrode plates of microbial electrolysis cell with the best gas production voltage of 0.6V（Liang et al.,2011）which the literature states, to test the hydrogen production rate and observe daily gas production rate, anaerobic basic monitoring parameters (pH, ORP, EC, SAL) and anaerobic parameter analysis (COD, TS/VS, alkalinity volatile acid).
The working space of single chamber microbial electrolysis cell is 4 liters. For the feed rate, in accordance with the solid retention time (SRT), it takes 20 days to compound 200 mL d-1waste substrate and then analyze each parameter of the discharging digestion product. The result indicates that under the control of different electrodes of MEA, PEM and etc., its gas production rate is 36500 mL and 28000 mL respectively, and the overall hydrogen concentration increases significantly due to increasing voltage. Before increasing voltage, the highest hydrogen content of MEA is 27.408%, after increasing voltage, the highest hydrogen content is 52.7805%. Before increasing voltage, the highest hydrogen content of PEM is 27.3564%, after increasing voltage, the highest hydrogen content is 37.4553%.

並列關鍵字

Alkalinity volatile acid ； Methane ； Hydrogen ； Microbial electrolysis cell ； MEA ； PEM

參考文獻

31.黃啟裕，「纖維素產氫技術在生質能源之發展」，農業生技產業季刊，第13期，第54-60頁（2008）。

25.張嘉修、李國興、林屏杰、吳石乙、林秋裕，以環境生物技術生產清潔能源-氫氣，中國化學工程學會，第49卷，第6期，第85-104頁（2002）。

35.曾煜紳，「有機廢棄物微生物燃料電池產電與電解電池產氫之研究」，碩士論文，朝陽科技大學環境工程與管理系，台中（2013）。

34.劉大瑋，「有機廢棄物微生物燃料電池產電最佳化之研究」，碩士論文，朝陽科技大學環境工程與管理系，台中（2012）。

30.黃昱翔，「有機廢棄物高溫固態厭氧醱酵產氫特性之研究」，碩士論文，國立中央大學環境工程研究所，桃園（2010）。