在無線感測網路中感測節點佈置之探討

An Energy-Efficient Sensor Deployment Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks

林孟欣(Mon-Shin Lin)

指導教授 ： 廖文華 ； 高有成

大同大學/經營設計學院/資訊經營學系所/碩士(2010年)

摘要

在無線網路有限電力的限制下，考量無線感測網路的花費成本與感測能力，感測器的佈置是一個重要的議題。因越接近資訊儲存中心的區域感測器耗電量便愈多的情況，先前的研究提出不均勻的佈置感測器為有效利用電力的最佳方式，但很少研究同時考量到感測器佈置和能量消耗平衡。因此本論文，在考慮資料收集中心的位置下，進行監測區域節點的規劃。首先在完全覆蓋方面，我們藉由計算出感測器間相距的平均角度，以達到利用較少的感測器完整覆蓋監測環境。接著我們以能量消耗公式，提出兩個方法進行感測器密度調整移動，達到能量消耗平衡。方法一為掃視整個監控環境，方法二則模擬螞蟻演算法應用在多重背包問題，利用螞蟻本身自然的特性去探尋可能的解。將感測器佈置的覆蓋公式化成類似於多重背包的問題，再以螞蟻演算法為基礎，來提出一個延長網路存活時間及確保完整覆蓋的佈置策略，以達到感測器佈置的完整覆蓋與改善網路存活時間。

關鍵字

感測器佈置 ； 能量消耗平衡 ； 螞蟻演算法

並列摘要

Sensor deployment is a critical issue since it reflects the cost and detection capability of a wireless sensor network. Due to packet forwarding, sensors closer to the sink consume more energy than the sensors that are farther away from the sink. In this paper, we support the condition that sensors have different energy. We consider the problem of sensor deployment to achieve full coverage and maximize the lifetime of the network. First to achieve full the coverage, we compute the average angle between sensors, to get a few numbers of sensors that deploy in the monitoring area. Then, we provide two methods to achieve energy balance. In method 1, we propose sweep-based scheme to move the sensors as requested. In method 2, we formulate the deployment problem to the multiple knapsack problem. Based on ACO algorithm, our thesis proposes a deployment strategy to improve the network lifetime. Our thesis proposes the deployment scheme to prolong the network lifetime, while ensuring a full coverage.

並列關鍵字

deployment ； Ant colony optimization (ACO) ； energy consumption balance

參考文獻

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