探討社區老人口腔保健之經驗

Exploring the Experience of Oral Health Care for the Elderly in Community

楊惠鈞(Hui-chun Yang)

指導教授 ： 林夷真

中臺科技大學/護理學院/護理研究所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

依據台灣內政部2012年資料顯示台灣地區老年人口達10.92％。老人的健康照護是重要的議題，尤其是老人的口腔照護。而在台灣，顯少針對老人口腔保健之經驗做相關探討。
本研究設計採用質性研究法。受訪者是年滿65歲以上，意識清楚和有溝通能力的社區老人。透過深入和半結構式訪談收集資料，直到資料飽和，即停止收案。
本研究針對10位受訪者的訪談資料進行分析，其研究結果歸納出三個主題及十一個次主題。（一）口腔清潔的經驗：潔牙工具的選擇、潔牙的方式；（二）口腔治療的經驗：病急才投醫、擔心治療的煩惱、經濟壓力的負擔、治療過程的感受； （三）口腔維護的經驗：口腔保健知識的缺乏、口腔保健的態度、尋求正規的醫療、採用另類的療法、合宜食物的選擇。
希望本研究結果能發展為老人口腔保健的評估工具，來維護老人的口腔健康。社區老人可以透過各種教育方式，提高口腔保健的認知與技能。亦建議醫療專業人員透過對社區老人口腔保健經驗的暸解，可以提供生理、心理、社會等層面的整體性照護措施，提高老人維護口腔健康的意願。再者，建議政府機關，在訂定衛生政策時，能將口腔健康計畫列入全民健康促進活動的主軸，並以老人的福祉為考量。

關鍵字

經驗 ； 質性研究 ； 口腔保健 ； 社區老人

並列摘要

According to the data from the Ministry of the Interior in 2012, which indicates that the number of elderly people has reached 10.92%. Health care for the elderly has become an important issue especially in the area of oral health care. However, the investigation on the experience of oral health care specifically for the elderly people is rarely explored in Taiwan.
This is a qualitative research which includes over-65-year-old community elderly as participants who have clear consciousness and are able to communicate verbally. Data are being collected using in-depth interviews and semi-structured interviews until reaching data saturation.
This study analyzes the data of 10 interviewees and concludes three main themes and eleven sub-themes. First, the experience of oral hygiene: the choice of tooth cleaning tool and the tooth cleaning methods. Second, the experience of treatment of oral care: seeking medical attention only when critically ill; worrying about medical treatment; the pressure from economic burden; perception of the treating process. Third, the experience of maintaining oral health: lack of oral health care knowledge; the attitude toward oral health; seeking treatment in conventional medicine; adopting alternative medicine; proper food choices.
It is hoped that the research can be developed as an assessment tool to maintain the oral health of the elderly population. Various kinds of education program can raise awareness of oral health of community elderly and improve their related skills. Medical professionals are advised that understanding the experience of oral health care of community elderly can offer integrated medical care on physical, mental and sociological levels and increase willingness to maintain oral health. Government institutions are also advised to include oral health care plans in promoting national health activities and allow for older persons'' welfare when making health policies.

並列關鍵字

Qualitative research ； Experience ； Oral health ； Community elderly

參考文獻

李易蓁（2006）‧老人口腔健康狀態與生活品質之關係暨其影響因素之探討‧未出版博士論文，高雄醫學大學牙醫學研究所博士班，高雄市。

謝秀芳(2002)‧質性研究‧雲科大體育，5，45-53。

行政院衛生署國民健康局（2006a）‧國民口腔健康第一期五年計畫‧取自http://www.bhp.doh.gov.tw/BHPnet/Portal/Them_Show.aspx?Subject=200811100001&Class=2&No=200811210004

行政院衛生署國民健康局（2006b）‧92-94年台灣地區成年與老年人口腔健康調查取自http://www.bhp.doh.gov.tw/BHPnet/Portal/Them_Show.aspx?Subject=200811100002&Class=2&No=200811210007

簡正鎰（2005）‧進行質性訪談研究有關倫理議題之探討‧輔導季刊，41（1），47-57。