護生生涯選擇影響因素之探討

護生生涯選擇是在經歷實習社會化的歷程後，自我對護理工作有了專業認同及承諾，強化展現並延續選擇護理生涯的決心。本研究主要目的為探討護生生涯選擇的相關影響因素。研究方法採橫斷式研究，以結構式問卷調查法收集資料，研究對象為護理系五專五年級學生，已完成全年實習經驗之護生共計162人，主要內容包括：學生背景、實習經驗、專業承諾與其生涯選擇等四個主要構面。以SPSS 20.0版統計套裝軟體建檔並進行資料分析，採用描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、ANOVA分析、卡方檢定、皮爾森積差相關分析、邏輯斯迴歸分析等統計方式找出影響生涯選擇之因素。結果顯示實習經驗平均得分為3.20±0.31；專業承諾平均得分為3.07±0.50；導師有無護理背景對實習經驗有顯著差異(t=-2.310, p<.05)；對專業承諾有顯著差異(t=-2.507,p<.05)及生涯選擇有顯著關係(X2值=10.37,p<.05)；實習成績與實習經驗呈現顯著差異(F=9.440,p<.001) 與專業承諾呈現顯著差異(F=20.232,p<.001)；當初就讀護理的決定者與專業承諾呈現顯著差異(F=6.058,p<.01)；實習經驗與專業承諾總分相關係數呈現顯著中度正相關(r=.57,p<.001)，顯示實習經驗愈好，則專業承諾會愈高；生涯選擇對專業承諾有顯著差異(t=2.652,p<.01)；影響護生生涯選擇重要預測因子為導師有無護理背景(p<.05)、家庭成員有無從事護理工作者(p<.05)、專業承諾(p<.05)共三個自變項。建議護理教育單位能建立副導師制度，落實導師輔導關懷機制，依學生需求安排急重症護理課程及相關實習單位路線，加強在學期間護理實習經驗與專業承諾之正向觀念建立，設立專屬的生涯選擇輔導機制。

關鍵字

護生；實習經驗；專業承諾；生涯選擇

並列摘要

The choice of a nursing career is based on the student’s experience in the socialization of the internship, which enables the student to have a professional identity and commitment to the nursing work, and to strengthen the display and continuation of the selection of the nursing career. The purpose of this study was to investigate associated factors in the career choosing of nursing students. A cross-sectional study method was conducted via structure questionnaire survey for data collecting. Study samples will be 162 nursing students who have completed the internship in their last year of the fifth grade in junior college. There are four major dimensions: personal attributes of the student, internship experiences, professional commitment, and the career choice. After questionnaires data encoding, the data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 statistical software. The following statistical methods were adopted in the study: Descriptive statistics, Independent Samples t-test ,One way ANOVA, Chi-square test, Pearson Product-moment correlation coefficient analysis and Logistic regression analysis for finding the factors influencing career choices. The results showed that the average score of the internship experience was 3.20±0.31; the average score of the professional commitment was 3.07±0.50; there was a significant influence of the internship experience of the tutor with or without nursing background (t=-2.310, p<.05). There was a significant difference in professional commitment (t=-2.507,p<.05) and a significant relevance with career choice (X2 value=10.37, p<.05); both internship performance and internship experience showed significant differences (F=9.440,p<.001), and there was a significant differences from professional commitment (F=20.232, p<.001); the decision-makers and professional commitments that originally determined to attend nursing showed a significant difference (F=6.058, p<.01); The correlation coefficient between the internship experience and the professional commitment showed a significant positive correlation (r=.57, p<.001). This result shows that the better the internship experience, the higher the professional commitment; the career choice has a significant difference to the professional commitment (t=2.652, p<.01); the important predictor of nursing career choice is whether the tutor has a nursing background (p<.05), and whether the family member is engaged in nursing work (p<.05), and professional commitments (p<.05), three self-variants. This study suggests that nursing education units can establish a system of assistant tutors to implement the mentoring and counseling mechanism. According to the learning needs of the students, the emergency and critical care courses and related internship courses should be arranged to strengthen the positive concept of nursing internship experience and professional commitment during the school year, and eventually a dedicated career selection counseling mechanism can be established.