背景與目的:世界衛生組織指出,流行性感冒每年約造成300萬到500萬流感嚴重病例,其中又以老年人為主要侵襲對象。我國雖於2001年即全面開辦65歲以上老人免費流感疫苗接種,但每年施打率皆未達WHO設定的目標(60%),原因值得了解。本研究以2007年國健局中老年身心社會生活狀況調查資料庫,分析老人流感疫苗接種的相關因子,以利日後政府宣導流感疫苗接種之參考。 方法:本研究取該調查親自接受訪查的老人之資料為對象,共計4,112筆。資料分析時,以是、否接種流感疫苗為依變項,取問卷中人口學變項、自覺健康狀況、肺部疾病、糖尿病、心臟病、抽菸、接受全身健康檢查、預防或控制慢性疾病行為、是否為免費接種族群、醫療利用、社交狀況等,共25題作為自變項。以次數和百分比(N, %) 描述疫苗接種狀況,以交叉表卡方檢定、Pearson相關及邏輯斯迴歸分析疫苗接種狀況與其它變項間的關係。 結果:整體流感疫苗接種率為38.6%。年齡、婚姻狀況、居住地區、工作狀況、是否為免費接種族群、自覺健康狀況、有無肺部疾病、有無心臟病、是否抽菸、醫療服務利用、是否接受健康檢查、外出有無人可以協助、有無看報章雜誌與疫苗接種狀況有顯著關聯。 結論與建議:在免費接種流感疫苗的政策下,老年人會有較高的可能性去接種流感疫苗,顯示此政策為影響老年人是否接種流感疫苗之重要因素。可利用報章雜誌的宣導,加強老年人對流感疫苗的認知,尤其針對無偶者、有工作者、自覺健康狀況較好者、無肺部疾病及心臟病者、有抽菸者、未做全身性健康檢查者、有不舒服但不會去看醫生者及平常沒有看報章雜誌者進行教育宣導,提升老年人流感疫苗施接種率,促進老年人的健康。
Background & Objectives: The World Health Organization indicates that each year about three million to five million severe cases of influenza emerge in the world and older people are mainly affected. Although the Government provided free flu vaccination for older people over than 65 years old in 2001, but the rate of flu vaccination injection was lower than the WHO target (60%). It is important to explore the possible reasons of low injection rate. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze elderly influenza vaccination related factors in order to facilitate future government propaganda of influenza vaccine. Methods: The data was from the Year 2007 National Health Council of the social life, physical and mental status of elderly survey database. The sampling criteria were that answered the questions by themselves. There were 4112 participants. The dependent variable was older people using or not using influenza vaccination. The independent variables were older people’s perception of their health status, do they have lung disease, diabetes, heart disease, smoking, receiving a complete physical examination, preventing or controlling chronic diseases behavior, whether they were in the free vaccination group, health care utilization, social status, etc. There were 25 questions for the independent variable. The frequency, percentage, cross table Chi-square test, Pearson correlation, and Logistic regression were used to analyze vaccination status and the relationship between variables. Results: Overall influenza vaccination rate was 38.6%. Age, marital status, residence, work status, whether the free vaccination group, perceived health status, with or without lung disease, with or without heart disease, whether smoking, use of medical services, whether regular health check, without help for transportation, whether read newspapers and magazines were significant factors related to using or not using the influenza vaccination. Conclusions and recommendations: In the free influenza vaccination group, the elderly had a higher probability to use influenza vaccination. This result indicated that the policy is an important factor to affect the elderly influenza vaccination. Newspapers and magazines can be used to strengthen older people's awareness of influenza vaccine, especially for the population who are without partner, with a job, perceived good health status, without lung disease or heart disease, smokers, without making systemic health examine, without visiting doctors even they felt uncomfortable, and not reading newspapers and magazines. The recommendations of this study could help to increase the influenza vaccine inoculation rate of the older people in order to promote the elderly health status.
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