The Musée national des arts et traditions populaires (1937-2005) has founded during the administration of the "Front populaire". Its purpose is to collect, research and display French folk cultural relics. Due to factors such as the development of European Union and the globalization, the French government has decided to incorporate all collections into a new museum, the Musée des civilisations de l'Europe et de la Méditerranée; this means that a new discourse on the understanding and narrative of the collections has been shifted from the French framework to a larger territorial and civilizational structure. Discourse itself is a manifestation of value and power, and the political regime regards museums as an important carrier for expressing discourse, a manifestation of a form of power. Therefore, in the short 68-year history of the Musée national des arts et traditions populaires, the adjustment of the functions of knowledge, culture, society, politics, and the like the museum carried was deeply influenced by the evolution of the era.