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使用體外循環維生系統病人執行腦死判定之「無自主呼吸測試」

Apnea Test of Brain Death Determination in Patients with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

摘要


目前醫學認知「腦死」即為死亡,無自主呼吸測試是腦死判定程序中最重要的部份,藉由暫時中斷機械通氣的方式,確認病人完全無法自行呼吸,且動脈血液氣體分析,二氧化碳濃度上升超過60mmHg,或超過基準值20mmHg。然而,使用體外循環維生系統(Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,ECMO)的病人,在進行無自主呼吸測時,除了病情不穩定導致執行的困難,以及ECMO中的氧合器會不斷將血液中動脈二氧化碳排出體外,對病人血液中二氧化碳濃度能否持續上升造成影響而干擾判定,經常有人擔心在使用ECMO期間,無自主呼吸測試可能導致氧飽和度下降和/或血液動力學不穩定,而無法進行,但ECMO卻是支持血氧與維持血液動力穩定的最後方法,不能中斷。近幾年有許多個案報告及文獻指出,藉由降低ECMO供氧氣流(sweep gas flow),可成功執行無自主呼吸測試。本文主要回顧個案報告,並整理使用ECMO病人執行無自主呼吸測試的流程,以供未來臨床人員應用及參考。

並列摘要


In Taiwan, "brain death" is meant to end of life. Furthermore, according process of brain death determination, apnea test is an important part to confirm brain death. Apnea test should interrupt mechanical ventilation, and following artery blood gas analysis to check PaCO_2 over 60mmHg or baseline 20mmHg. However, for patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), it is challenging to implement apnea test. Besides hemodynamics unstable and membrane oxygenator which a gas exchange device of ECMO move out CO_2 from patient. Base on the reasons, it is difficult to identify PaCO_2 whether elevation or not. In this year, a lot of case reports about Brain death determination in patient with ECMO, they reported that apnea test was executed in patients with ECMO by decreasing the ECMO sweep gas flow and successfully observed PaCO_2 increase. We review their procedure of apnea test in ECMO patients, and organize the protocol for clinical use and reference.

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