論劉禹錫土風樂府與竹枝詞的書寫意義

劉禹錫詩集中關於描繪土俗民風的樂府與仿巴歈民歌而作的竹枝詞，在其作品中別具一格，歷來為詩評家所稱道。如果與同為轉徒西南荒域之地的元和大詩人相較，則劉禹錫此類詩作的特出，在中唐元、白、韓、柳之外，另樹一幟，實不能僅以「窮而後工」理解之。本文即以對照比較的方式，先由劉禹錫土風樂府與竹忮詞的書寫背景，即貶謫生涯的一般性處境探入，以對照出劉禹錫處境的惡劣。其次再討論這一系列作品的書寫意義。尹中指出：劉禹錫應是有晐識的以詩歌從事地誌書寫，除了細心詳實的回顧整個武凌的地誌資料，也表現出對資料相當的興趣和敬慎的態度。影響此一系列作品偏重於客觀筆法的表現，並可總結出兩個與此相關而不同於其他詩人的特色：一是能深刻展現風土民情，以嚴謹的結構和篇幅呈現土風民俗，並能正視書寫的主體，賦予這些土風民俗豐富的面貌和深刻的意涵，寫成許多結構謹嚴，內容動人，音韻優美的詩篇，為後人所傳誦。更特殊的是，他的詩能穿透地域和族群的隔閡，欣賞到許多層面的人情之美，從少數族群的純樸性格，和他們過人的體魄、膽量、本領，以及強桿的風采，都是見人所未見，感人所不能感。此外，對貶謫生涯中的異域，細心觀察，以開朗包容的胸襟深入體會一般百姓的生活，欣賞他們簡單純樸的情感，正視他們的人情世故。也能體察高貴而莊嚴的愛情之美，＜竹枝詞＞九首摸擬女子的怨情從初始的醞釀、堆疊、反撲，到宕開、絕望、腸斷，起伏頓挫，細膩入微，並開展民歌藝術的高峰。以上幾個角度，可以看出劉禹錫土風樂府與竹枝詞之作，能在同樣具有異域經驗，同樣才華洋溢的大詩人群中，獨樹一幟的真正意義。

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並列摘要

In the Liu Yu-his’s poems, there are famous Yueh—Fu poems which describe many remote region in the Middle Age China, about western part and southern part. He observes regional spectacle scenery and express regional people’s custom. The center between lines was the poet’s description from objective, he collected his imagination from regional people’s custom and human being. To put it more precisely, the poet expressed the aesthetic of affection, contain National minority personality is good and kind, they are brave person and be shy. The otherwise the poet expressed the farmer’s special way of life, make an example, they burn the mountain to plant, or they make extracts about water chestnut, or they are pleasure to competition of row boat, and so on. The center of the poem presents: what he saw, what he felt, and what he imagined, as if he interaction of people. The purpose of this study is to investigate the aesthetic of affection of Liu Yu-his’s regional Yueh—Fu poems, through out the analysis and compare with other poet’s express in same experience. About the aesthetic of process: empathy and creation. The aesthetic of affection contain of: National minority personality’s aesthetic, human’s good, and noble love.