New Aspects of Measuring Noise and Vibration

量測噪音及振動的新觀念

K. Genuit

《中華民國振動與噪音工程學會論文集》 1993 (1993/06) Pp. 31-41

https://doi.org/10.30028/CSSVANNUAL.199306.0031

摘要

對於聲學工程師而言，噪音的量測、聲學的品質及聲音的舒適性等問題是一項困難的工作。聲音和噪音的分別事實上最終是由人耳所決定。傳統決定噪音的標準是使用單獨麥克風及A-weighted SPL標準所得，這種方式是針對於是否會對人耳產生損傷所設定的標準。這種簡單的方式並不能夠決定對聲音的厭惡性及品質。這幾年來針對雙音道量測技術的研究，進而客觀判定某聲音的品質已變為可能的。藉由人工頭顱技術及人體聲學評量分析，並導入雙音通訊處理系統，使得聲音品質的分析得到長足的進步。對於令人生厭的噪音其直接原因已被歸納為音源及傳遞路徑，而且因為引發聲音的方式複雜，但僅能以特定的方式所描述，所以一種結合雙頻道量測技術及多頻道加速度訊號量測已被發展。包括藉由固定於各個音源位置的加速規訊號，並根據人耳的判定而決定影響聲音品質的相關訊息。現今，對於引起噪音的起源及傳遞方式已有能力加以確認。

並列摘要

Measuring noise, sound quality or acoustical comfort presents a difficult task for the acoustic engineer. Sound and noise are ultimately jugded by human beings measurement systems. Regulations for determining noise levels are based on A-weighted SPL measurements performed with only one microphone. This method of measurement is usually specified when determining whether the ear can be physically damaged. Such a simple measurement procedure is not able to determine annoyance of sound events or sound quality in general. For some years investigations with binaural measurement analysis technique have shown new possibilities for the objective determination of sound quality. By using Artificial Head technology in conjunction with psychoacoustic evaluation algorithms -and taking into account binaural signal processing of human hearing-considerable progress regarding the analysis of sounds has been made. Because sound events often arise in a complex way, direct conclusions about sound components subjectively judged to be annoying with regard to their causes and transmission paths, can be drawn in a limited way only. A new procedure, complementing binaural measurement technology combined with a multi-channel measurements of acceleration sensor signals has been developed. This involves correlating signals influencing sound quality, analyzed by means of human hearing, with signals from different acceleration sensors fixed at different positions of the sound source. Now it is possible to recognize the source and the transmission way of those signals which have an influence to the annoyance of sound.