從朱子對《太極圖說》及《通書》的詮釋論其「理」的活動性

On the Activity of the Principles (Li) in Chu Hsi's Interpretation of T'ung-Shu and an Explanation of the Diagram of the Great Ultimate

陳佳銘(Chia-Ming Chen)

《中正大學中文學術年刊》 18期 (2011/12) Pp. 1-28

https://doi.org/10.7013/CCTHCWHSNK.201112.0004

摘要

本文通過研究朱子對周游溪《太極圖說》及《通書》的詮釋，以證明朱子的「理」有其活動性，是為生生之理。首先，本文以為朱子的理雖是從氣化中推證的「所以然之理」但此理仍可推動甚至妙運於陰陽之氣中，而使其氣機生生不已，即可以他的「理搭于氣而行」來理解。另外，本文以為朱子不論是在說太極「動而生陽，靜而生陰」或是《通書》中的誠體流行，皆是在說太極之理發用下貫至萬物成其性的流行過程。而且，這並非只是氣的流行，理本身亦與氣同時發用。所以，本文以為朱子與濂溪對道體的體悟方式雖是不同的，朱子是「逆推」或「認知」的方式，但他所指涉的「理」仍是有活動性的生生之理。

關鍵字

朱熹 ； 周濂溪 ； 牟宗三 ； 太極圖說 ； 通書 ； 太極

並列摘要

In this paper, I research Chu Hsi's interpretation of T'ung-Shu (《通書》)and an Explanation of the Diagram of the Great Ultimate(《太極圖說》)to justify hi s concept of the principles (理) are active and then to name it by the vital principles (生生之理).Firstly, I recognized that Chu Hsi's Principles seem s to be the cause to Chi of Yin and Yang(陰陽氣化), but as the vital principle, they activate the Chi of Yin and Yang (陰陽氣化). It accords with Chu Hsi's idea of ”the Principles attach to material force(Chi) to operate” (理搭于氣而行).Secondly, no matter what ”The Great Ultimate thro ugh movement generates Yang and it through tranquility generates Yin (太極動而生陽，靜而生陰), or the movement of Essence of Sincerity's (誠體) in Chu Hsi's interpretation, Chu Hsi describes a ever-lasting ans living process of The Great Ultimate. In the process, The Great Ultimate itself descends to all things and then everything obtains its nature from it. Furthermore, the ever-lasting and living process does not work only by material force, but also by the Principles.Consequently, although Chu Hsi's understanding of the Principles by ”reverse ratiocination” is different from Zhou Lien-xi's reasoning (周濂溪), the Principles in Chu Hsi's realization are actually active and living.

並列關鍵字

Chu Hsi ； Zhou Lien-xi ； Mou Zongsan ； an Explanation of the Diagram of the Great Ultimate ； T'lIng-Shu ； The Great Ultimate