早產兒媽媽參與志願服務經驗初探

早產兒基金會為協助早產兒媽媽及家庭因應早產壓力及危機，提供早產兒電話諮詢服務，其方式係組織具有養育早產兒經驗之『過來人』媽媽志工，自願參與諮詢服務，透過經驗傳承與分享，『新手』早產兒媽媽及家庭因此獲得情緒支持與鼓勵，及相關資訊，順利因應維持家庭平衡。這項服務方案尚屬實驗性質，其人力資源組成有別於一般志願服務團體，故藉由本研究充分了解探討方案實施概況；探討主題有二：其一是早產兒媽媽服務動機是什麼？其二影響是「早產兒媽媽志工」擔任志工過程中，有那些因素影響其參與和持續服務？本研究採用質化研究，運用深度訪談及焦點團體，直接親近研究資料，受訪的早產兒媽媽共計十五名。研究發現：（一）早產事件易引發家庭緊張；（二）早產兒媽媽參與經驗分享有助於壓力因應，獲得社會支持；（三）早產兒媽媽參與服務動機來自志願精神，與一般志願服務團體大致相同，但呈現部分不同動機，強調經驗傳遞助人自助的精神；（四）影響早產兒媽媽志工持續服務因素為內在因素（個人時間不許可）及外在因素（家人是否支持、組織能否提供教育訓練及督導）。因此建議非營利組織運用受服務者轉化為助人的志願服務人力資源，加強人力資源管理與督導教育訓練外，可發展為支持性自助團體，擴大服務對象。

關鍵字

早產兒；焦點團體；志願服務

並列摘要

The Premature Baby Foundation assists mothers with premature infant and their families in accordance to their pressure and crisis from the premature delivery and also provides the telephone consultation service to these families. By the provision of these services, the organization encourages those mothers who had been through the experience of premature infant process to participate in the consultation service voluntarily, share their experiences. Those mothers with premature infant and their families therefore obtain emotional support and the encouragement from each other and the related information which can smoothly maintain the family balance.. This service plan is still in the experimental stage and the composition of its members is different from other voluntary groups at Taiwan. Therefore, this research conducted a survey to understand these differences and its implementation. Two subjects in this survey included: 1) What are the motivations that mothers with premature infant are? 2) What are the factors influence those mothers with premature infant participating and continuing the voluntary plan? The qualitative methodology was utilized in this research. The research methods included both the depth interviewing and the focus groups which were intimate with the research material directly. Fifteen mothers with premature infant were interviewed in total. There are the findings in this research., Firstly, the premature delivery event is apt to increase intense on the family. Secondly, mothers with premature infant participating in the experience sharing can help them cope with the pressure and obtain support from society. Thirdly, the motivations of those mothers with premature infant who participate in the service come from their willingness. This approximately is the same as people who join other voluntary groups, but the findings present other different motivations which emphasize on transmitting the spirit of ”human helps oneself”. Finally, the factors impact on these volunteers who could not provide services continually include the intrinsic factors (for example: they did not have enough time) and external factors (for example: the support from their family members, welfare agencies provide trainings and supervisions). This research suggested that the welfare agencies can transform the service receivers to human resources in the voluntary services. The welfare agencies should not only enhance their human resources management, trainings, and supervisions, but also develop the self-support groups for providing services to people in need.