歐陽脩《新五代史》列傳的人物品評標準與藝術特色

Ouyang Xiu's "New History of the Five Dynasties" Evaluation Criteria in the Characters of Biography and Literary Features

洪子惠(Zi-Hui Hong)

《臺南科大學報（人文管理）》 30期 (2011/10) Pp. 153-169

https://doi.org/10.6970/JTUTHSM.201110.0153

摘要

《新五代史》可說是匯集歐陽脩各種學術思想而成的作品，實可視為其整體學術的縮影，歷來史家歌頌歐陽脩《新五代史》「春秋筆法、褒貶義類」，讚揚其標舉名節，整飭道德；然而，未有將其褒貶、品評人物的依據－「道德」，作一詳細、確實之界定分析，今筆者將歐公品評人物標準論列為：（一）標舉名節、著重臣德，（二）或推以恕、或責以備，（三）不沒其實、以「義行」為依歸；期望能在此一論題上聊備一說。並就《新五代史》的列傳，論述其五大藝術特色：（一）以篇次安排、見德品次第，（二）敘事簡潔、善用對話，（三）議論紆餘、褒貶直切，（四）廣蒐史料、史實小說互應，（五）善用修辭技巧。

關鍵字

歐陽脩 ； 新五代史 ； 列傳

並列摘要

”New History of the Five Dynasties” is a collection that involves Ouyang Xiu's every kind of academic work. It can be regarded as his academic epitome. Ouyang Xiu's ‘Chunqiu writing style and the praise and disparagement in meaning and category’ in ”New History of the Five Dynasties” has been extolled that it can praise one's establishing fames and improving morals by historians. However, it did not define and analysis the standard of comment, Tao Te (道德), on Biography People in ”New History of the Five Dynasties”. This study classified the standard how Ouyang Xiu comments on those people into three types: first, to praise one's establishing fames and to emphasize courtiers’ morality; second, to be elected by forbearance and provided with condemnation; third, it enumerates people in the biographies their good deeds and it did not forgive evils for high position courtiers. It comments people according to their patriotic behavior. I expect that those standards could be discussed in the topic of the research. In addition, this study discusses the artistic character of Biography in ”New History of the Five Dynasties”. Discusses the five major literary characteristics: first, it is arranged by sections and chapters and ranked by the quality of morality; second, it has terse narration and utilizes conversations very well; third, it has organized arguments and appropriate praise and disparagement; fourth, it has wider collection of data and it makes good match between historical data and novels; fifth, it exercises great antithetical and parallelism rhetoric.

並列關鍵字

Ouyang Xiu ； New History of the Five Dynasties ； Biography