乾隆時期受西方影響的工藝器物研究

The Research of Craft Utensil that the West Affects at Qianlong Period

覃瑞南(Jui-Nan Tan)

《臺南科大學報（人文管理）》 30期 (2011/10) Pp. 41-57

https://doi.org/10.6970/JTUTHSM.201110.0041

摘要

十八世紀時，歐洲的商業、政治與教會組織，展開其交流與擴張的觸角，向著安定富庶的中國而來。當時中國的工藝美術，經過宋、元、明三代的經營與發展，幾近圓融成熟；到了乾隆時期的御製工藝，無論是匠役技術、生產材料、審美品味皆已達到高峰。此時西方的藝術，適時傳入中國，對亟思創新的中國工藝器物，提供了嶄新的製作技術和創作視野，使宮廷的工藝品類，更加充滿創新的契機。乾隆時期的工藝器物，品類豐富，部份作品既仿古代，又仿歐洲。裝飾風格富麗繁密、細緻精巧，東西方的吉祥圖案蔚為流行。隨著乾隆皇帝開疆闢土，文治武功名聞海外，藉由西方傳教士來華和海上貿易的互動，使得中國工藝器物之創新與種類，達致歷史上的巔峰，創作出中西合併的藝術作品，外銷歐洲後，讓歐洲王室貴族及民眾愛不釋手，間接影響了英法的工藝風格，成為當時世界上最重要的工藝美術資產。

關鍵字

乾隆時期 ； 藝術交流 ； 中國風 ； 工藝器物

並列摘要

The Europe's trade, politics and church organize, launches its exchange and expansion antenna that turns toward stable rich and populous China at 18th century. Meantime China's craft utensil was closing mature, after Sung, Yuan and Ming three dynasties generations of managements and development. The craft utensil at Qianlong period, regardless of being the artisan service technology and production material, an aesthetically has all achieved the peak. At this time West's art, timely spreads to China, to thinks of the innovation urgently the Chinese craft utensil, to provide the brand-new manufacture technology and creation field of vision. Therefore the craft utensil of court fills the opportunity of innovation. The craft utensil of Qianlong period, the type is rich. Some work already generations in the style of antiquity, also imitates Europe. The decoration style is splendid, careful exquisite. East and West's propitious design luxuriantly for popular, the processing technology moves toward the top. When the Europeanism penetrates eastward, after for sale abroad Europe, lets the European royal court aristocrat and populace is unable to put down, indirectly affected UK, France craft utensil style. Comes to China because of the Western missionary with the seaborne commerce interaction that causes the innovation and the type Chinese craft utensil. Attains in the historical the top, became at that time in the world the most important craft utensil property.

並列關鍵字

Qianlong period ； Artistic exchange ； Chinoiserie ； Craft utensil