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  • 期刊

敦煌的「獻物狀」、「送物」及「遣物書」析論

Notes on Transmittal Letter Texts from Dunhuang

摘要


敦煌寫本書儀收錄有正月、端午、冬至等節氣使用的「獻物狀」,以及送土儀、出孝等送物(狀/書),亦有標題爲〈遣物書〉的文例,均是贈送物品時參照使用的範文。敦煌實物中亦可見有「獻物狀」、「送物」。除了「單書」之外,日常往來問候起居寒暄之書札都附信物。那麼,哪些場合使用「獻物狀」、「送物」、「遣物書」呢?又,發信人與收信人彼此是什麼關係呢?「獻物狀」是由下致上的,適用於官場祝賀,轉用公狀的格式。「送物」,本質屬性與獻物狀相同,由下致上,亦是恭敬鄭重的一種格式,但與獻物狀相比,省略簡短,在吉凶各種場合頻繁使用。「遣物書」,發信人與收信人彼此並無級別之分,禮物的內容及其數量沒有單獨羅列在書札開頭,只在正文中呈現,且沒有分段,是爲了寄送禮物所附上的簡短文字。

關鍵字

敦煌 書儀 獻物狀 送物 遣物書 謝賜物狀

並列摘要


The Shuyi(書儀) texts extant in the Dunhuang manuscripts, includes several different types of transmittal letter called "xianwuzhuang" (獻物狀) , "songwu" (送物), or "qianwushu" (遣物書). And the originals were found as well as the letter models Shuyi. The aim of this paper is to compare the relevant formats and sort out the contents and forms of various letters with their attached items, and also focus on "xie-ciwu-zhuang" (謝賜物狀, response to express appreciation for gifts) to have a further discussion. Generally speaking, the list of the gifts which is sent at the same time is append to the letters exchanged on a daily basis, except for "danshu" (單書, which means letters that attached without any present). In that way, what are the differences between these three formats? Which occasions can these letters be applied to? Also, what is the relationship between the sender and the recipient of the letters? Xianwuzhuang(獻物狀) is mainly used by officials for the season's greetings from low-level bureaucrats to high-ranking officials. So the phrases are polite and formal. Songwu(送物) seems to be simplified style of xianwuzhuang(獻物狀), both auspicious and ill-omened occasions, is used more widely than xianwuzhuang(獻物狀). Qianwushu(遣物書) is more simpler than other two formats, and mainly used between those who match in age and rank.

並列關鍵字

Dunhuang Shuyi Transmittal letter

參考文獻


史睿 〈《顯慶禮》所見唐代禮典與法典的關係〉,高田時雄編《唐代宗教文化與制度》,2007 年,頁 115-132。
李正宇 〈曹仁貴歸奉後梁的一組新資料〉,《魏晉南北朝隋唐史資料》11,武漢:武漢大學出版社,1991 年,頁 274-281。
李正宇 〈敦煌遺書 P.2691 寫本的定性與正名〉,《潘石禪先生九秩華誕敦煌學特刊》,臺北:文津出版社,1996 年,頁 117-131。
李昀 〈公元 7-11 世紀胡藥硇砂輸入中原考〉,《敦煌吐魯番研究》18,頁 583-601,2018 年。
余欣 〈唐宋時期敦煌土貢考〉,《敦煌寫本研究年報》4,2010 年,頁 81-99。

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