敦煌「散花」歌曲寫卷樣貌與應用意義

A Study on Miscellaneous Copies and Applications of ＂The Eulogy of Scattered Flowers＂ in Dunhuang Manuscripts

林仁昱(Lin Jenyu)

《敦煌學》 35期 (2019/08) Pp. 93-111

摘要

在敦煌寫卷中有關於「散花」的歌曲，首先，有P.2250題名「釋神英」的〈歎散花供養讚〉七言讚歌，從仙人善惠買五莖花供養定光佛之事起興，引唱讚歎西方菩薩經常散花供養，並描述「香花」於極樂淨土中的各種展現。其次，在S.6631及P.4597則有與〈歎散花供養讚〉起首相似的〈香讚文〉及〈花讚文〉，篇幅較短，但收尾為「散花緣心遍十方，供養如來去三障」等語，顯示其具有牽引散花儀式的用途。其三在S.0668、S.1781、S.4690等多卷，則有〈散蓮花落〉（或題作〈散花梵文〉）的七言讚歌，唱述佛陀修道故事，並以「散花樂」與「滿道場」為句末和聲，兩兩交替出現，並以「大眾持花來供養，一時舉手散虛空」作結。其四，在P.2130又有〈散花樂讚〉緊接於「法照和尚蒙文殊、普賢菩薩摩頂受記」相關說明文後，為奉請諸佛菩薩入道場的迎請讚，並以「散花樂」為和聲，具有明顯輔助行儀的作用。此外，在Φ.0269又有兩種〈散花文〉搭配著布薩禮式散花行儀。所以，總結以上六種「散花」歌曲，似乎是同在「散花」的主題之下，卻有著不同的內涵與作用，若要明瞭其製作意義與作用，則有必要回歸到寫卷展現的樣貌進行探究。因此，本文將探討這幾篇「散花」歌曲，在不同寫卷上與他篇歌曲或相關文字聯抄的關係，並參酌其形式與內容分析的結果，推究其實際應用的情況與意義。

關鍵字

敦煌寫本 ； 敦煌佛教讚歌 ； 散花歌曲 ； 散花供養 ； 佛教迎請讚

並列摘要

There are many praise songs about ＂Spreading Flowers＂ in Dunhuang manuscripts. The first is ＂The Eulogy of Admire Spreading Flowers Tribute＂ which was written in Dunhuang Manuscripts P.2250. It is seven-character poetry and the maker is ＂Shi Shenying＂. Its main content is to admire the bliss of the Pure Land Buddha for flower tribute. The second are ＂The Eulogy of sandalwood＂ and ＂The Eulogy of flower＂ which were written in Dunhuang Manuscripts P.6631 and P.4597. These two praise songs are like a part of ＂The Eulogy of Admire Spreading Flowers Tribute＂. From the content point of view, it has the role of guiding the scattered flower ritual. The third is ＂Scattered lotus down＂. It is a seven-character poetry which was written in Dunhuang Manuscripts S.0668, S.1781, S.4690, etc. Its main content is to sing the story of the Buddha's monasticism and the corresponding voice is ＂Enjoy for Scattered Flowers＂. The fourth is ＂The Eulogy of Enjoy for the Scattered Flowers＂ in P.2130 and some other manuscripts. It is used as a praise poem to welcome Buddha and Bodhisattvas. Finally in Φ.0269 have two ＂Scattered Flowers Text＂ which used in the ＂Busa＂(ordination ceremony).Summarize the six types of ＂The Eulogy of Scattered flowers＂. They have similar themes, but there connotations and roles are different. Therefore, the research conducted in this paper will focus on the appearance of writing. It must explore the relationship between these praise songs and other related texts in the same manuscripts. In addition, this paper will also consider the relevant intentions of the form, content, etc., to infer the meaning and status of the actual application.

並列關鍵字

Dunhuang manuscript ； Dunhuang Buddhist hymns ； the scattered flowers songs ； the praise ； the Buddhist songs of praise

參考文獻

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