從《莊子．齊物論》探討道法自然的生活哲學

現今社會發展快速，生活中的食衣住行育樂各方面都進步又便捷；然而物質方面的發展，卻讓人們的精神層面日趨貧乏。文明病的出現，憂鬱症的增加，以及無視甚而侵奪毀損大自然，導致生態浩劫。幸而，人們已發現此問題，開始反思如何提升精神生活，並與大自然和平相處，甚至向大自然學習。中國的道家哲學即是提倡維持自然，並從中領悟生活哲學。而《莊子》中的〈齊物論〉，點出人們煩擾的源頭，並提出從大自然的角度看待一切萬物，進而解消心中的紛亂。〈齊物論〉開頭即藉由南郭子綦之口，舉出風吹萬竅之聲，不同形狀的孔洞即發出不同聲響；如同世間事物進入人們心中，人心的不同結構，因而產出不同的想法，這即是「咸其自取」。接著莊子提出紛擾的來源：十二種情緒與行為及追求世俗物欲的狀況，令人們「行盡如馳，而莫之能止」，不斷往前跑，勞累一生。因此莊子試圖破除世間既定觀念：生死、可與不可、是非、成毀、美醜…等，甚至儒墨學說、專家的技藝，都是人們給予的定義，並非放諸四海皆準，因為這些都是大自然的一部份，如同文中王倪的舉例，動物的價值觀異於人類，牠們的舒適、美味與美麗，並不適用於人們，因此從大自然的角度而言，無法斷言孰是孰非，也就是沒有一定的對錯。本文擬從「和之以天倪」、「忘年忘義」及莊周夢蝶等面向，解析《莊子．齊物論》的生活哲學，包含如何消除成見、擁有開闊的心胸、依附大自然的規律，進而達到道法自然的境界。

關鍵字

莊子；齊物論；道法自然；生活哲學

並列摘要

All in all, Food, clothing, housing, transportation ,education and entertainment in the life are more advanced and convenient in nowadays with rapid development, however, the development of the substance made people decreasing in the spirit. With the advent of civilization disease ,increasing of the depression and we ignore it and then trespassed and damaged the nature to cause the ecological catastrophe. Fortunately, people have already found this issue and reflected how to promote the life in the spirit and lived in harmony with nature even learn from nature. The Taoist philosophy in China is to advocate keeping nature and realize the philosophy of the life.It pointed out the source of the chivvy in＜Qi wu lun＞of 《Zhuangzi》and put forward to look things from nature perspective to even eliminate the chaos of our mind. In the beginning of ＜Qi wu lun＞ by Nan guo zih chi, he cited the voice of the wind blow numerous holes in different shapes could make different sounds that are just like everything in the world went into people's mind, and the different structure in people's mind would come up the different opinions. After that, Zhuangzi raised the source of the chivvy, twelve emotion and behavior and seek the desire of the substance in the world that made people ran forward continuously and exhausted all one's life. Therefore, Zhuangzi tried to eradicate the fixed concept in the world: life and death、can or not、right or wrong、success or damage、beautiful or ugly...etc. Even Mohism and Confucianism, the skill of the expert, that were defined by people, there is no one-size-fit-all formula, because those are one part of the nature, such as Wang Ni cited an instance, the values of the animals are different from human beings、 the comfortable、delicious and beautiful feelings of the animals are not applicable to human beings, therefore from the perspective of the nature, we could not assert what is right or wrong. In other words, everything is no absolute right and wrong. The article discusses Philosophy of life from three sections in 《Zhuangzi．Qi wu lun》, including how to eliminate prejudice、having open minded、depending on the regular pattern of the nature and learn from nature.