運動慶典的形成－日治初期臺灣公學校運動會(1895~1911)

本文旨在探究臺灣公學校運動會，在日治初期臺灣社會中所形成運動慶典的過程。因此，擬先從臺灣學校運動會的誕生開始著手，藉由考察運動會舉辦「地點」的轉變，試圖捕捉和詮釋做為日本天皇制國家信仰中心之運動慶典的形成過程。總結，原來屬於西方文明產物下的運動會，在經過日本巧妙的加工過後，透過殖民的關係傳輸至臺灣。然而，在形成運動慶典－運動會的過程，並不是一開始就直接在臺灣公學校校園中舉行，而是先從運動會的雛形－遠足運動開始，逐步轉往至學校附近或是校園中舉行後，才逐步成為地方上新的集會場所，以及日本天皇制國家意識下的新臣民教化道場。進一步來說，這是有別於臺灣傳統廟會，採用近代運動來做為主要活動，以臺灣公學校做為舉行慶典的神聖場域空間，並配合日本國家祝祭日與莊嚴隆重的國家祭典儀式，連結投射出象徵對日本天皇的敬仰，將原不屬於臺灣新臣民的日本國家歷史記憶做一巧妙的接續，加諸於臺灣人的身體之上，用來彰顯教育日本天皇制國家意識新臣民的成果，形成臺灣最初的運動慶典－運動會。

關鍵字

日治時期；公學校；運動會；運動慶典

並列摘要

The present paper aims to study the process in which the sports days in Taiwan primary schools became a sports ceremony on the initial stage of Japanese colonial period (1895~1911). Starting with the first sports day in Taiwan primary school, this study considers sports days as a kind of ceremony, a faith center of the colony, by investigating the changed locations of sports days. In conclusion, the sports days, originally a product of western civilization, were introduced to Taiwan because of Japanese colonization. Initially, sports days were not held on school campus, and the embryo form of them was ”on foot trip.” Later, the locations were moved to the school neighborhood or the campus. At the end, the school campus became the local assembly place for holding sports days, and even the education arena for educating Taiwanese under Japanese nationalization. Being different from the Taiwan traditional temple fairs, sports days in Taiwan primary schools combined modern sports with the solemn national ceremony to show the respect for the Japanese Emperor. In sum, Taiwan primary schools provided the space to demonstrate the result of educating and governing Taiwanese body under Japanese rule.