台灣本土體育概念演進的系譜

本研究以系譜學為方法，探討體育概念在台灣本土的演變歷程，旨在架構體育一詞的歷時性變化軌跡，並分析各種力量的爭鬥。在探索諸多研究後，發現以下結論：體育概念以「體操」為標記，在日據初期出現於台灣，末期改為「體鍊」，並在光復之初訂為「體育」沿用至今。名稱雖有變化，但概念意含的演變，卻隨不同事件的出現而更顯豐富多元。從歷史痕跡來看，引發概念變化的力量，大致可分為兩種：其一為「它者與我群的鬥爭」，最具代表性的事件，當屬殖民統治者與台灣民眾間壓迫與反抗的拉鋸、兩岸軍事對峙激起國內敵愾同仇之心、及中共外交封殺引發棒球風潮等三項；這些事件使體育概念滲進軍事與外交的意含。其二為「偏態與常態的鬥爭」，以教育化做為回歸常態教學的主軸，藉樂趣化享受參與之美，以健康體適能體現科學之真與實踐之善。體育概念的內容因而涵蓋休閒、競技、健康與教育等多元面向，並發展為跨出校園的寬鬆身體活動語彙。

關鍵字

體育概念；歷史；系譜學

並列摘要

In this study, Michel Foucault's theory of genealogy was used to analyze the development of physical education (PE) in Taiwan. This study intended to investigate the factors of the historical events and diverse conflicts. The findings are as follows: Taiwan was emerged as ”un-ko” (Gymnastics) at the early days of the Japanese colonialization. At the end of the Japanese colonialization, it was called ”Tai-ran” (physical drill) and was renamed to ”Tii-yuh” (PE) right after Taiwan's Restoration. The different concepts of PE reflect the local histories which make the subject dive into many ways. There are two ways to trace the historical shifts of the concept of PE: the ”struggle between us and the others” and the ”struggle between norm and non-norm”. The first conflict came from: 1. the colonialism vs. anti-colonialism, 2. the martialism vs. anti-martialism, 3. force-out vs. breakthrough of diplomacy. The second conflict was the main stream idea of PE. It was shifted from instrumental to ontological propose that include the beauty of enjoyment and participation, health-related physical fitness, and the motor skills. Therefore the concept of PE becomes multi-dimensional concepts of included education, sports, health, recreation, and sports pedagogy.