從運動與身體的立場探討哲學中的多樣性

哲學討論中的多樣性有兩種，一種是屬於數量的多樣性(multiple)，此乃涉及「一多問題」(one-many problem)中的「多」，是以抽象和空間想像的傳統理念哲學；而另一種則是屬於性質的多樣性(multiplicity)，是差異與綿延的哲學思維，柏格森認為這兩種多樣性存在著生與死的差異。本文由柏格森的「強度」意義著手，由此切入柏格森的「意識」及「綿延」的哲學核心，根據此一理解，討論了兩種時間和兩種多樣性，同時將此成果作為提供運動與身體領域再反省的材料，讓從事運動者重新思索多樣性概念對運動哲學的啟示與意義。

關鍵字

多樣性；綿延；差異；柏格森

並列摘要

There are two kinds of multiplicities in the philosophical discourse. Defined in terms of quantity, one belongs to the philosophical tradition of the idea endowed with abstract and spatial imagination and framed in the one-many problem. Described in terms of quality, the other belongs to the philosophical thinking that highlights difference and duration. According to the French philosopher Henri Bergson, there is a life/death dicrepancy between these two kinds of multiplicities. Therefore, this paper takes Bergson's concept of ”intensity” as a point of departure to explore the major concepts of ”consciousness” and ”durée” at the kernel of his philosophy. It discusses two kinds of temporality in accordance to these two kinds of multiplicities. It helps to further reflections from the realms of the sports and the body and thus to re-conceptualize the meaning of sports philosophy in light of multiplicity.