中國武術的異化

The Alienation of Chinese Martial Art

郭憲偉(Hsien-Wei Kuo) ； 郭金芳(Chin-Fang Kuo)

《運動文化研究》 25期 (2014/12) Pp. 57-76

https://doi.org/10.29818/SS.201412_(25).0003

摘要

本文立足於馬克思「異化觀」的觀點，將武術視為人類本質體現的活動之一，試圖從武術的本質探索人與武術的關係與異化現象。透過文獻的分析，本文先行理解馬克思異化觀，進而探討人與武術的各種關係異化，以及武術本質的異化，期能更加深入辨析中國武術因何種社會因素導致其本質異化，並探究中國武術於當今社會上的深層意涵。研究發現，中國武術在發展進程中，受西方競技體育的影響，使得武術在相互矛盾與衝擊之下淪為工具之手段，武術產生質變，致使從事武術者成為使用工具的操作者，武術本質的內涵也逐漸消逝。其次，運動商業化讓從事武術者為求名利，而放棄追求本質體現的真諦，致使武術在某種程度上，淪為人與人之間剝削和宰制的爭勝工具。整體而言，人與武術的各種關係，因人追求武術目的的改變，以及武術轉化為競技運動後本質的改變，發展出競技化、規則化、制度化的競技武術運動，間接也讓中國武術走向異化之途。

關鍵字

競技武術 ； 異化 ； 商業化

並列摘要

Based on the concept of Karl Marx's Alienation, this study regards martial art as an activity of embodying human essence and tries to employ the relationship between human and martial art and the alienation phenomenon of martial art via the essence of martial art. By analyzing the documentary data, this study expounds the concept of Karl Marx's Alienation; moreover it explores the alienation of the various relationships between human and martial art and the alienation of martial art. Therefore, we can differentiate and analyze deeply what caused the martial art to alienate, and dig the profound meaning of Chinese martial art to society of nowadays. The findings show that the alienation emerges during the development procedure of martial art because of the influence of western athletic sports and the commercialized sport. Martial art becomes a purposeful tool and the performer becomes a person who only operates the tool. As a result, the performer who embodies life by martial art would not enjoy the balance of body and soul but becomes a fighting machine. In a word, the various relationships between human and martial art would change since the purpose for human to pursue martial art is different, and martial art itself becomes a kind of athletic sport. In a long run, the athletics, regularized, and institutionalized form of athletic martial art is produced and Chinese martial art is on its way to alienation during the modernization process.

並列關鍵字

athletic martial art ； alienation ； commercialization

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人民日報海外版，〈武術就這樣走向世界〉， ，2010.12.01 檢索