中國女子體操學校的創設與發展（1908-1937）

The Establishment and Development of China Women's Gymnastics School (1908-1937)

郭憲偉(Hsien-Wei Kuo) ； 郭金芳(Chin-Fang Kuo) ； 金湘斌(Hsiang-Pin Chin)

《運動文化研究》 32期 (2018/03) Pp. 7-31

https://doi.org/10.29818/SS.201803_(32).0001

摘要

自19世紀末至20世紀初，先後由知識分子創辦的女子學校各式類型中，以中國女子體操學校為近代中國女子體育學校的先驅。本文聚焦在中國女子體操學校創立的時代背景、辦學的目的、課程實施的內容，以及其歷史意義。本文透過相關史料與文獻的分析，發現中國女子體操學校是在興女學與國家富強的社會需求下創設而成，以啟迪女性同胞之心靈與矯正身體之陋習，進而培育女子體育專業師資人才為目的。該校體操實務課程的實施，初始較為單調、無趣；1920年代後，因應學校體制的改革，課程趨向多元，但在教學上仍以規範、守法、服從為原則。值得一提，該校設有實習與試教實務課程，為將來從事教員做好準備。綜述而知，中國女子體操學校的存在，本身就具有時代意義，而該校在打破女子體弱是美的傳統，提倡女子體育之風氣，以及培養女子體育專業師資等方面，有其社會貢獻與歷史價值。

關鍵字

中國體操學校 ； 國技 ； 女子體育

並列摘要

Chinese Women's Gymnastics School is regarded as a pioneer of modern Chinese women's sports school in various types of girls' schools founded by intellectuals from the late 19th to the early 20th century. This paper focuses on the background and purpose of establishing the Chinese Women's Gymnastic School, its content of course implementation and historical significance through the analysis of historical materials and literature. We found that Chinese Women's Gymnastics School was founded under the social needs of revitalizing women's education and the nation's prosperity and strength. As a result, women enlightened their spirit and corrected their bad habits physically, and further more female professional physical education and sports teachers were cultivated. The gymnastic practice course at this school was initially monotonous and boring. After the 1920s, the curriculum tends to be diverse in response to the reform of the school system, but the teaching method was still based on the principle of standardization and obedience. It is worth mentioning that this school had internships and practice-teaching courses to prepare teachers for the future. Overall, the existence of Chinese Women's Gymnastics School has its own meaning in the times, its social and historical value in breaking the tradition that the weak woman is beautiful, advocating the female sport's atmosphere, and cultivating female professional sports teachers.

並列關鍵字

China Gymnastics School ； national skill ； women physical education

參考文獻

〈1932 年兩江女子體育學校課程表〉。1932。上海檔案館藏，敵偽檔案案卷235-1-910。

〈女子體操學校之成績〉，《申報》，1914.12.17，10 版。

〈女子體操學校開運動會〉，《申報》，1910.05.20，13390 號19 版。

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〈女子體操學校運動會誌盛〉，《申報》，1910.05.23，13393 號19 版。