現代棒球的跨國傳佈－一個「運動化」的歷史社會學詮釋

本文旨在探究現代棒球從大英帝國跨國傳佈的發展過程，以及臺灣社會接合「運動化」進程時所形構而成的文化樣態，藉此理解現代棒球對在地運動的影響。並以「歷史社會學」的視野，利用既有的歷史與文獻資料，探究現代棒球跨國傳佈的歷程，理出其中的主導因素及其脈絡秩序下的文化意義。結果發現：1.現代棒球是從英式板球∕跑柱式棒球跨國傳佈進而逐漸轉型為美國現代棒球及日本野球，並在殖民勢力的推波下造就臺灣棒球的文明體驗，是一個文明相互競爭所構築形成的全球運動體系；2.在地社會的現況則為：美國正以其強大的「軟實力」造就一個全球運動高度流動的現象，其中包含競技勞工外流、商品消費、媒體影像以及主流的運動生活方式等四個層面的不平衡流動，呈顯出全球∕在地的動態互動與交錯影響的具體後果，在地社會漸趨「美國化」且非「利大於弊」的現實發展，使得現代棒球傳佈與接合的進程中，激起在地運動的批判性反思，意圖應對由此衍生而出的文化與經濟問題。

關鍵字

全球化；運動化；美國化；接合；歷史社會學

並列摘要

This study aims to explore the globalization process of modern baseball from United Kingdom to the whole world and to analyze how the process of sportization contributes to the impact of the subjective value on local sports when it articulates with Taiwan's society. The study is carried out by applying qualitative method such as the perspective of historical sociology and literature review to understand the globalization process of modern baseball, clarifying the dominant factors and the cultural meaning in the contextual order of different historical stages. The findings show that modern baseball was transformed from British rounders into American Baseball and Japanese yakyu. With Japanese colonial power, it was introduced to Taiwan, which hence contributed to Taiwan's baseball culture. The United States has been having a great ＂soft power＂ over worldwide local societies, which gives rise to the current phenomenon of the intense flow in global sport system. Such unbalanced flow has four main impacts on Taiwan society, including the drain of high-end athletic elites, the domination of western sporting commodities subcontractor, the popularity of foreign media images and the mainstreaming of American sporting lifestyle in local society. It has resulted in a complex consequence of mutual dependent influence under the global/local interaction: a tendency of Americanization. Given that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages, many societies begin to criticize and reflect on rebuilding their own sport community.