The purpose of this study is to explore the related factors such as basic badminton athletic ability elements and test methods. This study uses the literature analysis method to explore the basic athletic ability composed of footwork in badminton, and the basic physical fitness composed of various elements of physical fitness, including muscle strength, speed, endurance, flexibility, coordination, agility, balance, etc. Based on the discussion of relevant factors, the test methods of basic badminton sports ability elements are summarized. Through the basic footwork of badminton and basic badminton physical fitness elements test, players can understand their physical fitness status, and can also provide coaches to formulate appropriate training schedules to carry out systematic cultivation.