Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition/亞太地區臨床營養期刊
- Ahead-of-Print
HEC Press,正常發行
選擇卷期
- 期刊
Background and Objectives: Poor nutritional status is a common finding in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), thiamin (VB-1) and riboflavin (VB-2) are coenzymes important for the activation of many enzymes involved in improving nutritional status. We aimed to investigate enzymatic activities and the associations between VB-1 and VB-2, and their relations to nutritional status in TB and TB+T2DM patients. Methods and Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study that prospectively enrolled TB 40 patients with or without T2DM respectively from the Chest Hospital of Qingdao and 76 healthy controls with similar age and gender distributions were recruited from the medical center of the affiliated hospital of Qingdao Medical College. The erythrocyte transketolase activation coefficient (ETKac, for VB-1 deficiency), the glutathione reductase activation coefficient (EGRac, for VB-2 deficiency), and metabolic enzyme activities were analyzed. Results: VB-1 and VB-2 deficiency rates were higher, and enzyme activities were lower in TB and TB+T2DM relative to control group. ETKac and EGRac were negatively correlated with enzyme activities, either with body mass index (BMI), while enzyme activities were positively associated with BMI. Conclusions: VB-1 and VB-2 concentrations were lower in TB patients with or without T2DM relative to controls, with concomitant reductions in the activity levels of key metabolic enzymes. Significant correlations were observed between VB-1 and VB-2 concentrations and the activity of these metabolic enzymes, they all correlated with nutrition status. VB-1 and VB-2 concentrations may thus impact metabolic enzyme activity and thereby influence nutritional status.
- 期刊
Background and Objectives: Adiposity at birth is a predictor of childhood obesity. Abdominal circumference (AC) at birth has been shown to correlate well with visceral adipose tissue and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue. Adiposity differs according to ethnicity and geography. The aim of this study was to describe the anthropometry derived adiposity phenotype in neonates from Colombo, Sri Lanka and compare it with global data. Methods and Study Design: Birth anthropometry was performed within 12-24 hours by the same investigator as part of a prospective cohort study on healthy term babies, at a tertiary care hospital in Colombo, Sri Lanka, 2015- 2019. The anthropometry derived adiposity phenotype was indicated by skinfold thickness, AC and upper arm fat area (UFA) derived from the mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Results: Sri Lankan neonates had a significantly lower weight with significantly higher AC (n=337, 2.9±0.4 kg, 30.6±2.3 cm) compared to Canadian (n=389, 3.5±0.02 kg, 29.9±2.1 cm; p＜0.001) and Australian (n=1270, 3.4±0.4 kg, 28.5±1.9 cm; p＜0.001) neonates. Anthropometry derived adiposity at birth showed a significant correlation with weight and BMI of both mother and father (p＜0.05) as opposed to their income or education (p＞0.05). Conclusions: Healthy neonates from Colombo, Sri Lanka demonstrated significantly higher AC despite significantly lower weight, indicating increased abdominal adiposity compared to neonates from high-income countries as well as Indian neonates with the thin-fat phenotype.
- 期刊
Background and Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of vitamin A and vitamin D deficiency and the associated factors in hospitalized neonates in Xi'an, China. Methods and Study Design: A total of 524 hospitalized neonates were collected in this study. Serum vitamin A and D concentrations were detected in neonates within two weeks of birth. Results: Serum vitamin A and D concentrations of hospitalized neonates were 0.55±0.21μmol/L and 42.0±20.6 nmol/L, respectively. They were greater in full-term neonates than in preterm neonates, greater in rural neonates than in urban, and greater in single than in twin (all p＜0.001). The prevalence of vitamin A and D deficiency were 14.9% and 33.0%, the prevalence of marginal vitamin A deficiency was 64.7%, and vitamin D insufficiency was 35.1%. Neonatal serum vitamin A and D concentrations were all positively correlated with birth weight and gestational age. Neonatal serum vitamin D concentration was also positively correlated with maternal serum vitamin D concentration. Additionally, neonatal vitamin A concentration was positively correlated with neonatal serum vitamin D concentration. Conclusions: Vitamin A and vitamin D statuses are compromised in hospitalized neonates in Xi'an, especially in premature neonates, low birth weight neonates, twins, and those born in urban areas. Individualized supplementation with vitamin A and vitamin D in neonates should be a clinical consideration.
- 期刊
Background and Objectives: Childhood obesity is rapidly rising in China and effective diet interventions are needed. Here, we determine whether the Chinese government-recommended diet (GRD) or a modified diet of further restriction of sugar and ultra-processed food but without energy restriction, minimally processed diet (MPD) is effective on weight loss in children and adolescents with obesity/overweight. Methods and Study Design: This open-label, randomized study included 60 children and adolescents between 5-18 years old with overweight/obesity. Participants were randomized 1:1 to the GRD or MPD and self-managed at home for 12 weeks. Both groups received general recommendations in physical activities. The changes were evaluated in body weight, fasting glucose and insulin, lipid metabolism and serum uric acid between baseline and week 12. Results: The results indicated great reductions by time for BMI, BMI z-score, fat mass percentage and fat mass index in both groups. An obvious decrease by time for weight was found in the MPD group (p＜0.001) as well as fasting glucose (p=0.005), fasting insulin (p=0.001), total cholesterol (p=0.007) and serum uric acid (p=0.006). As for the amount of visceral fat, greater reduction by time was observed in MPD group compared with GRD group. Conclusions: A 12-week self-intervention combining the Chinese government-recommended diet with physical activities was effective on weight loss in children and adolescents with overweight/obesity. The minimally processed diet was more effective on decreasing visceral fat mass and may be beneficial to improving insulin resistance. Further studies are required to assess long-term outcomes of the general public.
- 期刊
Background and Objectives: Peptic ulcer disease is a common digestive system disease. However, whether peptic ulcer disease and obesity are related is unclear. We assessed the associations of obesity and metabolic status with peptic ulcer disease. Methods and Study Design: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 3561 individuals from the Wuwei cohort. We evaluated the associations of general and abdominal adiposity, as defined by different anthropometric indices, with peptic ulcer disease. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were determined through binary logistic regression. Results: The odds ratio for peptic ulcer disease was 2.37 (1.46-3.84) for women with obesity, compared with the normal group. The association remained significant in Models 2 and 3, with odds ratios of 2.23 (1.35-3.69) and 2.03 (1.19-3.49), respectively. In Model 1, women with obesity had an odds ratio for duodenal ulcer of 2.76 (1.41-5.42) compared with the control group; this result remained significant in Models 2 and 3, with odds ratios of 2.52 (1.24-5.13) and 2.44 (1.13-5.28), respectively. In Model 1, women with metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity had odds ratios for peptic ulcer disease of 2.26 (1.19-4.28) and 2.15 (1.12-4.15), respectively, compared with the control group. After adjustments for major covariates and H. pylori status, these respective odds ratios became 2.27 (1.20-4.30) and 2.17 (1.12-4.20) in Model 2 and 2.2 (1.15-4.20) and 2.16 (1.11-4.19) in Model 3. Conclusions: General adiposity defined by body mass index is associated with peptic ulcer disease in women.
- 期刊
Background and Objectives: This study evaluated the relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and metabolic health in the Chinese elderly. Methods and Study Design: A total of 6,730 participants from the ＂Community-based Cardiovascular and Health Promotion Study＂ (CoCHPS) cohort were included in this study. The DII scores were acquired using a validated 125-item food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) (ranged -5.84 to 3.90). The correlation of DII with metabolic health indexes was evaluated with logistic regression and multivariable cox regression using SPSS and R software. Results: Compared with low DII scores, subjects in the highest DII score quartiles had higher odds of metabolic dysfunction (OR=1.36, 95% CI: 1.07-1.68, p trend=0.023). In the subgroup analyses, the effect of a pro-inflammatory diet on metabolic dysfunction was particularly evident among people with hyperglycaemia (HR=1.58, 95% CI: 1.35-2.14), hypertension (HR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.07-2.09), dyslipidemia (HR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.24-1.87), abdominal obesity (HR=2.16, 95% CI: 1.57-2.96), and ≥60 years old (HR=1.32, 95% CI: 1.04-1.56) or who were women (HR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.08-1.67). Conclusions: DII score was associated with metabolic health. Further studies are needed to deepen our understanding of dietary parameters and different populations.
- 期刊
Background and Objectives: To evaluate whether cardio-metabolic risk data in obese postmenopausal women are affected by adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet). Methods and Study Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 89 pre-obese and obese postmenopausal women (PMW) aged 40-75 years with a Body Mass Index (BMI) value ≥25 kg/m^2. Demographic characteristics, health status, anthropometric measurements, physical activity status, nutritional habits, lipid profile, some biochemical results and cardiovascular risk predictor (CVRP) data were collected by face-to-face interviews. Results: In this study, a negative correlation was found between CVRP and a Mediterranean diet score (MEDI-LITE) scores in pre-obese and obese PMW (p=0.008, p=0.02, respectively). Total cholesterol levels of the obese women were found to be negatively correlated with MEDI-LITE scores (p=0.002). VLDL-cholesterol (p=0.04, p=0.008, respectively) and triglyceride levels (p=0.002, p=0.003, respectively) of the pre-obese and obese women were negatively correlated with MEDI-LITE scores. According to the logistic regression analysis, the variables affecting CVRP negatively in our study were age, smoking, and salt use, while the variables affecting CVRP positively were MEDI-LITE score and omega-3 fatty acid consumption. Conclusions: In this study, it was observed that the increase in the MedDiet adherence score of the pre-obese and obese women in the postmenopausal period had favourable effect on lipid profile and CVRP. It is considered that adhering to the MedDiet in pre-obese and obese PMW can be recommended as an effective strategy to prevent the increased risk of cardiovascular disease due to advanced age, menopause, and high BMI values.
- 期刊
Background and Objectives: Genetic and dietary factors are important contributors to the development of dental fluorosis (DF). This study investigated the association between DF and dietary carotenoids, and explored whether the association was modified by polymorphisms of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2 rs11968525) in Guizhou, China. Methods and Study Design: A cross-sectional study with a total of 899 adults aged 18-75 years were enrolled in the study. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to assess dietary habits using a validated 75 item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Sociodemographic and lifestyle information, and blood and urine samples were also collected. Genotypes were evaluated using TaqMan single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Genotyping Assay. Results: There were significant dose-dependent inverse associations of the prevalence of DF with intake of α-carotene, β-carotene, lutein/zeaxanthin, lycopene and total carotenoids (p-trend ranged from ＜0.001-0.004). The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of DF comparing the highest against lowest quartile were 0.56 (0.35, 0.92) for α-carotene, 0.53 (0.35, 0.81) for β-carotene, 0.44 (0.27, 0.74) for lycopene, 0.35 (0.21, 0.58) for lutein/zeaxanthin in combination and 0.42 (0.25, 0.69) for total carotenoids (all p-trend＜0.005). Intake of β-cryptoxanthin was not found to be related to DF. The inverse association of DF with dietary intake of α-carotene and β-carotene was more evident in individuals with the AG+AA genotype (p-interaction＜0.05). Conclusions: Higher dietary carotenoids were associated with a lower occurrence of DF, polymorphisms in SOD2 (rs 11968525) modified the associations between dietary intake of carotene and DF. These findings provide evidence for precision prevention of fluorosis.
- 期刊
Background and Objectives: Accumulating evidence suggests that vitamin D may be involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Group-specific component (GC) gene is the most important transporter of vitamin D and plays a regulatory role in vitamin D metabolism. We aimed to evaluate the association of GC gene polymorphisms with T2D susceptibility and vitamin D status in the Chinese rural population. Methods and Study Design: A total of 1372 subjects were eligible in this cross-sectional study. Three SNPs of the GC gene (rs7041, rs4588, and rs2282679) were genotyped by TaqMan probe assays. Logistic regression and Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis were performed to determine the possible risk genotype for T2D and vitamin D metabolite concentrations, respectively. Results: The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D_3 [25(OH)D_3] and vitamin D binding protein (DBP) concentrations were significantly lower in the T2D group than the non-T2D group. GG genotype carriers of rs7041 (T＞G) were more likely to have T2D compared with AA carriers (OR=2.00, 95% CI: 1.19-3.37). Variants of rs4588 (C＞A) and rs2282679 (A＞C) were associated with a lower risk of T2D under the dominant inheritance model (OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.48-0.88; OR=0.66, 95% CI: 0.49-0.90, respectively). We further found that non-T2D subjects with the AA genotype of rs4588 had significantly higher 25(OH)D_3 concentrations than the CC genotype (p=0.022). In contrast, the T2D cases with the CC genotype of rs2282679 had lower DBP concentrations compared to the AA genotype (p=0.020). Conclusions: Our study indicates a potential role for GC gene polymorphisms in T2D susceptibility and vitamin D metabolite concentrations in the Chinese rural population.