中國土木水利工程學刊/Journal of the Chinese Institute of Civil & Hydraulic Engineering
中國土木水利工程學會,正常發行
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- 期刊
台灣於1990年代末期開始引進使用多孔隙瀝青混凝土（Porous Asphalt Concrete, PAC），惟因缺乏長期之鋪面績效及生命週期成本評估，PAC鋪面之量化效益了解仍有限。本研究評估國道6號之多孔隙瀝青混凝土之鋪面績效，並與鄰近國道3號之開放級配摩擦層（Open-Graded Friction Course, OGFC）進行生命週期成本分析，國道6號於民國98年全線通車，至今使用已超過13年，結果顯示PAC之車轍值低於10mm，說明其抗永久變形能力良好；在使用期間，PAC提供較佳之鋪面績效包含功能性、耐久性及安全性，服務社會大眾。與OGFC相比，PAC在機關成本及用路人成本現值皆有較低之生命週期成本，可節省約14%機關成本及86%用路人成本，較具經濟效益。
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This paper presents a preliminary study of laboratory evaluation of loading system using fiber optical Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) and Bluetooth low energy wireless sensor technologies. The proposed loading system is based on a cantilever beam mechanism, where both home-made 4-cm and 5-cm fiber optic MZIs were used to measure different loading conditions and the Bluetooth low energy wireless sensor was glued on the surface of fixed end support to detect the constraint status. We have conducted 30 times for this cantilever beam loading system experiment using fiber optical Mach-Zehnder interferometers and Bluetooth low energy wireless sensing system. According the optical spectra of 4-cm and 5-cm MZIs, the experimental results show a linear inverse proportional relationship (adjusted R-square = 0.99984 and 0.99324, respectively) between wavelength shift of first peak and different loading conditions. Hopefully, the findings of this study can be further utilized to monitor the traffic loading for asphalt roadways or parking lots using the proposed fiber optical Mach-Zehnder Interferometer and Bluetooth low energy wireless sensor loading system.
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In this study, EAF carbon steel slag was divided into four range of grain sizes (25 ~ 12.5 mm, 12.5 ~ 4.75 mm, 4.75 ~ 0.6 mm, and 0.6 ~ 0.075 mm), and the replacement amount of EAF carbon steel slag was fixed at 24%. Asphalt concrete specimens with different grain sizes of EAF carbon steel slag were prepared, and the effects of different grain sizes of EAF carbon steel slag on the engineering properties of asphalt concrete were investigated by resilience modulus, static creep, indirect tensile strength, residual strength of water immersion, Cantabro test, boiling, thermal image analysis, and thermal conductivity tests. The results of the study show that different grain sizes of EAF carbon steel slag have a significant effect on the mechanical properties of asphalt concrete, the best resilience modulus can be achieved by replacing the grain size with 25 ~ 12.5 mm or 12.5 ~ 4.75 mm EAF carbon steel slag. The replacement of 0.6 ~ 0.075 mm and 4.75 ~ 0.6 mm EAF carbon steel slag has better effect on the indirect tensile strength and stripping resistance of asphalt concrete than 25 ~ 12.5 mm and 12.5 ~ 4.75 mm, with 0.6 ~ 0.075 mm being the best. From the thermal image analysis results, it was found that different grain sizes of EAF carbon steel slag had no significant effect on the temperature uniformity of asphalt concrete, but replacing EAF carbon steel slag with grain sizes of 0.6 ~ 0.07 mm significantly improves the thermal diffusivity rate of asphalt concrete.
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道路鋪面服務績效各指標中，平整度對路人而言是最受重視且與行車安全與舒適性高度相關之指標。本研究採用自行研發之簡易型平整儀為量測設備，同時藉由與國際操度指標意涵相同之改良式平整度指標進行道路平整度評估。經由中山高北部雙向路段共58.8公里之多次平整度量測，並整合路段中交通流量與地磅站過磅資料等，建立適用於高速公路之平整度預測模式。研究方法不僅可以提供道路主管機關以經濟方式隨時檢測鋪面平整度、預測路段平整度遞減趨勢、且所得成果更可作為平整度不佳路段篩選之用，以輔助維護單位訂定更精準平整儀檢測之門檻。
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In recent years, the cold mix technique has been used to produce asphalt concrete from reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). This technique enables the effective use of large quantities of RAP and is less environmentally damaging than hot mix asphalt concrete. The strength of cold mix emulsified asphalt concrete is dependent on its job mix design, which must determine the amounts of water, cement, and emulsified asphalt that are added during concrete production. Therefore, the configuration of these three parameters directly affects the in-place performance of cold mix asphalt concrete. This study first explored the effects of various additive contents on the properties of cold mix asphalt concrete. The results revealed that an adequate level of total water content had a nonsignificant effect on concrete strength, whereas the levels of cement and emulsified asphalt content significantly affected concrete strength. In addition, the amount of cement to be added should be determined by the water-cement ratio with total water content. The results were used to develop a job mix design procedure for producing cold mix emulsified asphalt concrete. The procedure was verified to effectively determine the parameters required for concrete production and ensure adherence with the relevant regulations.
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營建署於2020年推出台灣市區綠道路評估系統（TUGR），其中包括生態、材料與能資源、廢棄物與污染、宜居性、社區與人文、經濟及其他創新等七類共25個永續指標，全方位評估道路工程之永續達成程度。本研究之目的為了解國內市區道路工程對台灣市區綠道路評估系統（TUGR）中各項指標要求的準備程度，研究中透過案例分析方法，以九個不同金額規模的市區道路工程，由九案例基於合約要求在綠道路之達成狀況，評估各案例之綠道路得分，及分析案例於TURG各類指標之達成度及指標與合約文件之關聯性，進而提出綠道路指標準備程度提升之建議。
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道路工程產業因應鋪面修繕與刨鋪必然產生大量的瀝青刨除料，而冷拌再生工法之發泡瀝青技術即為去化瀝青刨除料的方式之一，且拌和過程中無須加熱粒料，可直接將冷拌再生混合料鋪築於道路，鋪築後即可開放車輛交通。本研究嘗試應用發泡瀝青技術於直轄市試鋪道路底層，並使用Clegg衝擊試驗追蹤其齡期強度發展。研究結果顯示，現地試鋪需經過最短4至24小時之齡期強度發展即能符合施工綱要規範第02727章「冷拌再生瀝青混凝土」CIV值大於37之要求，由本研究的結果可以發現應用冷拌發泡再生瀝青混凝土於鋪面底層之強度可以快速符合規範要求並確保其承載力。
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固體再生燃料（SRF）替代燃煤為淨零碳排趨勢下有效率的能源轉型策略。由於SRF具有高異質性，與煤混燒會造成飛灰性質的改變，並可能使灰分殘留金屬鋁成分，含金屬鋁的混燒飛灰與水泥接觸會產生氫氣而引起體積膨脹。透過測量鋁粉與鹼液反應產生的氫氣量，提供量化金屬鋁的方法，並將含金屬鋁的混燒飛灰使用水浸泡方式以消除飛灰中的金屬鋁。結果顯示，水浸泡預處理確能降低飛灰中金屬鋁含量，且浸泡齡期越長，降低效果越顯著；水浸泡7天可有效消除混燒飛灰中的金屬鋁以減少氫氣的產生，降低CLSM使用混燒飛灰時所引起的膨脹問題以提高回填工程品質。
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This study aims to evaluate the performance of steel slag aggregate concrete for concrete pavement. Three kinds of Ladle furnace slag (LFS) with different expansion ratios were used as fine aggregate, while two kinds of Rotary kiln slag (RKS) named as Acid (AC) and Alkaline (AK) steel slag were used as coarse aggregate to manufacture the concrete specimens. The mix-proportions were designed using the Densified mixture design algorithm (DMDA) method with various water-to-binder (w/b) ratios of 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. Compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), electrical surface resistivity (ESR), and length change performance under autoclave tests were conducted to evaluate the concrete samples' mechanical properties and dimension stability up to 56 days of curing ages. The findings illustrated that the w/b ratio significantly affected the engineering properties of concrete samples. The LFS-II, with an expansion range of 0.2% ~ 0.4%, presented better mechanical properties than other fine aggregate kinds. AK concrete showed a more excellent engineering property than AC concrete. The LFS-I exhibited good stabilization after autoclaved test, while the higher expansion fine aggregate was not stable under autoclaved analysis.