• 期刊

大專甲組桌球雙打技術分析

本研究主要目的為瞭解大專甲組桌球團體賽，雙打三段技術指標與技術型態及探討雙打致勝球落點分佈，藉以提拱國內教練在從事桌球運動訓練與比賽時之參考。本研究以參加九十三年度全國大專校院運動會甲組桌球團體賽的20支球隊，78場雙打賽為研究對象，以桌球比賽記錄表及落點分佈記錄表為研究工具，所得數據以描述性統計及獨立樣本t考驗進行統計分析，所得結論為：一、大專甲組男子組雙打三段技術指標評估：在發球搶攻段及接發球搶攻段得分率指標為「優秀」，使用率為「及格」。相持段得分率指標為「及格」，使用率為「不及格」。二、大專甲組女子組雙打三段技術指標評估：在發球搶攻段得分率指標為「良好」，使用率為「及格」。接發球搶攻段得分率指標為「優秀」，使用率為「及格」。相持段得分率指標為「不及格」，使用率為「不及格」。三、大專甲組男、女子組雙打得分及失分落點在右半B區（出檯）比例最多。四、我國大專甲組桌球雙打不同性別落點分佈差異情形，以左半區D出檯有達顯著差異，其他三個區域均未達顯著差異。

• 期刊

雅典奧運男女排球教練比賽請求暫停之分析

本研究旨在探討優秀排球教練於比賽臨場指導中，對請求暫停後的各項得失結果做一分析，研究樣本以2004年雅典奧運排球賽76場285局，男女排球隊教練於比賽中請求暫停後的各項結果進行統計，所得資料以描述統計之次數分配、百分比、平均數、標準差等，以二因子變異數分析檢定不同變項之間的影響關係，如因子間產生交互作用，則分別進行因子間單純主要效果分析，並以薛費法進行事後比較，以瞭解差異情形，各項統計考驗的顯著水準均設定α=.05。研究結果發現：一、男女隊教練在請求暫停使用上負隊使用率均高於勝隊。二、男女隊教練請求暫停次數使用上並無顯著差異。三、男女隊教練均在連續失2分時請求暫停數最高。四、男子隊在暫停後的有效得分數高於女子隊。五、暫停時段與暫停後的得分效果以暫停後段的得分效果最佳，而暫停後中段的得分效果最差。六、男女教練在比賽勝負局中對暫停差分經二因子變異數分析後產生交互作用，經兩個因子的單純主要效果分析及事後比較發現，男女隊伍教練在請求暫停使用上，負局的暫停差分女子隊高於男子隊，而勝負局的暫停差分，經事後比較發現男子隊負局高於勝局，而女子隊則是勝局高於負局。經由本研究結果顯示，教練應充分掌握比賽中暫停技術的運用，一經發現球員有異常表現或連續失分時，均應果斷請求暫停，適時給予球員指示，避免錯失獲勝契機。

• 期刊

排球裁判知覺技能評估電腦模擬系統之研發

Refereeing demands fast and accurate perceptual skills in making judgment. With the prosperity of computer-information development, it is possible to give particular objects tests about the qualification of perceptual skills by means of computer technology plus specific situational design. This study is aimed to establish a virtual-testing system that can evaluate and promote a referee's perceptual skills. This study went through a live digital recording during the judging process of the first referee in a formal game. The process was observed, edited, and aided with computer program in order to complete the work of the virtual reality system for testing the referees' judgment in competitions. We randomly twenty-four domestic referees as objects; by watching the videotape, the examinees used the mouse as the instrument to decide the timing of the judgment and the result in every round, as a method to control the accuracy, plus the correctness of gesturing in foul plays. The system took a separate record of every examinee's spending time in the test. Two sets of data were collected: one based on the system by testing those with B-above license refereeing 495 times and those with C license 585 times and the other based on the analysis of the chi-square and t-test statistics. We found that the referees with B-above license were indeed better than those with C license (p＜.05) in accuracy of gesturing in foul plays, the judgment in every round, the spending time of taking the decision, and the accuracy of the judging timing. The testing result indicated that the system not only promoted the quality of the volleyball referees but also drew a distinction in perceptual skills between the two levels of referees. As a result, the virtual-reality testing system of sports referees' perceptual skills efficiently recorded the decisions made by the examinees in the virtual-reality competitions, and offered the referees an evaluation for improvement, in order to have an advanced progress in referees' perceptual skills. This system may be applied to other sports fields, and with the same principle we designed applicable virtual-reality contents applied to the sports referees' lectures in order to promote the referees' training achievement and the technical quality of judgment.

• 期刊

不同運動項目選手下肢動力特性之探討

This study compared lower-limb power in different sports and provided useful information for the coaches in training. The Chinese Taipei Women Volleyball team, the Softball team and the Soccer team participated in this study. All subjects performed squat jumps (SJ), counter movement jumps (CMJ) and one-minute continuous jumps with bent legs individually with their maximal efforts on the Kistler force plate. The parameters of jump height, average mechanical power, prestretch, and lower-limb muscular endurance were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Three findings were obtained. First, there were no significant differences among the three teams on average mechanical power. However, the height of SJ (42.58±2.76 cm) and the height of CMJ (45.62±3.3 cm) were significantly higher in the Volleyball team players than those in the other two teams (p＜.05). Second, the ability of prestretch in the Soccer team players (11.15±5.82%) was significantly better than the other players in the other two teams (p＜.05). The Softball team players were the second and volleyball team players were the third. Third, the Soccer team players (67.59%) were significantly better on muscular endurance than the Softball team players and the Volleyball team players which were in the second and third places (p＜.05). The results of this study indicated that there were some differences on lower-limb power in different sports. Coaches and athletes of different sports can understand further and clearly about the characteristics of the lower-limb power from this study. The results of this study can also provide a useful reference in sports training program in the future.

• 期刊

手球側向跨步切入角度變化之動力學分析

本研究目的在探討手球選手執行五種不同角度（0度直線跑、10°、30°、50°及70°範圍）側向跨步過人切入動作，對人體下肢段動力學變化情形。受試對象以國立台北教育大學男子甲組優秀手球選手七名，平均年齡為22±1.19歲、身高1.77±0.05公尺、體重78.42±8.26公斤。實驗儀器以Mega Speed 25k高速攝影機(120Hz)與AMTI測力板(1200 Hz)同步擷取側向跨步切入動作之運動學與動力學等參數。影片由APAS動作分析系統進行數位、線性轉換及濾波後，獲得人體下肢段各關節的位移、質心加速度、角加速度、以及各肢段絕對角度等運動學參數值。測力板訊號透過Dasy Lab 6.0軟體進行量化，經內建模組予以校正後得到地面反作用力及壓力中心座標，並結合人體肢段參數，利用動力學逆過程方程式進行推導，求得下肢段各關節之受力與力矩資料。本研究結果發現，側向跨步切入角度越大時，在制動期下肢段各關節的最大受力與力矩，皆呈現越大的趨勢。其中膝關節在制動期所產生的最大剪力，對肌肉靭帶骨骼組織具有一定之影響。

• 期刊

武術側踹腿動作之運動生物力學分析

This study investigated the biomechanical factors involved in Wushu side-stamp. Data were obtained from seven subjects of the National Wushu Teams in Taiwan (age: 28.0±5.2 yr, height: 175.0±4.6 cm, weight: 72.1±6.6 kg, practice time: 9.0±2.4 yr). The biomechanical factors of the side-stamp were analyzed with AcqKnowledge Bio-pac system (2000Hz) and high-speed Redlake MotionScope Cameras (250Hz). The results through Pearson's product-moment correlation indicated that the movement time of the side-stamp was increased by increasing the time period between the time starting to extend the knee angle of the kicking leg and the time making contact with the target (p＜.05). The knee angle of the supporting leg was increased by decreasing the movement time (p＜.05). The punching effect was increased by decreasing the knee angle of the supporting leg in making contact with the target (p＜.05) and by increasing the knee angle of the supporting leg in the action phase (p＜.05). To sum up, the effect of the side-stamp resulted from the kicking after contacting the target, rather than from the muscle momentum before the contact. For shortening the movement time and improving the striking effect of the side-stamp, one should enlarge the stretching of the supporting leg. Besides, the time initiating the extension of the kicking leg should be closed by the time hitting the target.

• 期刊

鞍馬單手支撐仰轉360°動作之技術分析：以蕭才智選手為例

本研究目的在探討鞍馬運動過程，選手實施的單手支撐仰轉360°動作。研究方法採用高速攝影機(JVC-9800; 60Hz)以APAS運動影像系統進行分析，使用MRI法建立之個人化人體肢段參數，將實施動作過程分為七個位置點，個案分析並探討蕭才智選手在鞍馬上完成單手支撐仰轉360°動作的運動現象及影響動作完成的因素。本研究結果如下：一、動作過程至第四位置（右手離鞍）開始進行單手支撐仰轉360°時，支撐臂的肩關節必須維持縮小的狀態，方能有效控制全旋的速度及身體的位移。二、單手支撐仰轉360°動作的肩關節角度與角速度兩者之間有其關聯性，成功動作由第四位置（右手離鞍）時肩關節角度呈現緊縮狀態時，角速度亦有減緩的趨勢，此一現象有助於選手成功完成單手支撐仰轉360°動作。三、失敗動作在單手支撐仰轉期的垂直速度與合速度有明顯增加之趨勢，導致身體重心高度出現明顯下降。四、動作在第一～第二位置及第五～第六位置時，蕭才智巧妙運用縮小肩、髖關節角度的技術使動作得以順利進行，但是以支撐臂為旋轉軸心的軀幹肢段旋轉半徑幅度受到影響，導致轉動貫量數值降低。

• 期刊

我國役齡男子之足弓參數邏輯迴歸分析

The Taiwan Army's soldiers with flatfeet had sports injuries while accepting long-term training. They would have the risk of dangers even though that they did not reach the criterion (the angle of fifth metatarsal-calcaneus＞165°). Therefore, We recruited the subjects aged from 18 to 25 males (flat 172.3±4.8cm, 67.0±7.6kg, 56 feet and normal 176.2±6.6cm, 69.6±9.6kg, 30 feet) through calculate parameter of footprints, and examined the foot parameters in order to find out more proper and easier standard of judgment. Then t-test (α=.05) was used to differentiate between the normalfooted and flatfooted (X-ray＞165°). This study also constructed a test of criterion-referenced in nine measurement indexes, by logistic regression analysis establishment formula (according to standards AI＞0.26, AI＞0.30, X-rays ＞ 165). Three findings were obtained. First, there was a best logistic regression analysis establishment formula: that is, Logit p=9.072+(-8.282)× Arch Leight Ratio. It reached 82.9% of the explanation strength. Secand, the probability of predicting the flatfooted reached 82.9%. It showed that the prediction accuracy was high, ROC curve (Receiver Operating Characteristic curve), and rises fast demonstrated the Logistic pattern quality and prediction of the accuracy were high. Therefore, it was suggested that was a good and easy way to measure the footprints by Arch Leight Ratio for the Army and the shoes designers to discriminate flatfooted from the normal. Third, there were significant differences (p＜.05) on dorsum of foot (N/F7.76±0.62/7.13±0.78), on the angle (M5-calcaneus) (N/F156.18±5.43/167.22±3.60) by X-ray, Arch Index (N/ F0.28±0.05/ 0.34±0.05), and Arch Length Ratio (N/F1.249±0.384/0.22±0.67) between the normal and the flatfooted. There were no significant differences on Arch Ratio (N/F0.37±0.03/0.36±0.04). It meaned that there were different results in judging flatfeet by the Arch Leight Ratio and X-ray. We suggested that many ways of Arch indexes of feet need to be researched and discussed.

• 期刊

不同評估心肺適能方法的強度關係

本研究主要目的在探討1,600公尺跑走測驗攝氧峰值、12分鐘跑走測驗攝氧峰值及3分鐘登階測驗的攝氧量之間差異及1,600公尺跑走測驗、12分鐘跑走測驗及3分鐘登階測驗的攝氧量與測驗時間、測驗距離及3分鐘登階測驗恢復指數之間的交互對照強度。自願參與本研究為30位身體健康之男性大學生，平均年齡20.37±1.79歲，平均身高173.1±5.1公分，平均體重66.3±7.6公斤。每位受試者皆接受1,600公尺跑走測驗、12分鐘跑走測驗及3分鐘登階測驗，測驗時採用攜帶式氣體分析儀於測驗時對受試者同步進行氣體分析。結果顯示1,600公尺跑走、12分鐘跑走之攝氧峰值沒有顯著的差異，而3分鐘登階測驗的攝氧量和1,600公尺跑走、12分鐘跑走測驗有顯著差異。1,600公尺跑走的測驗成績（時間）及12分鐘跑走的成績（距離），預測1,600公尺跑走及12分鐘跑走的實測攝氧峰值的迴歸預測力(R^2)，分別為0.603和0.599，而3分鐘登階測驗恢復指數對受試者的實測的攝氧量的迴歸預測力最差R^2為0.132。本研究顯示，3分鐘登階測驗由於預測力較低，較不適合預測受試者的最大攝氧峰值，而1,600公尺跑走測驗及12分鐘跑走測驗的預測力較高，適合預測受試者最大攝氧峰值。

• 期刊

六週不同運動處方介入對肥胖者減重後生理指標及體液性免疫反應的影響

This paper examined the influence of three different exercise prescriptions on physiological index and humoral immunity of weight-reduced overweight persons. The subjects consisted of 21 female university students whose BMIs (Body Mass Indexes) were larger than 25kg/m^2. They were randomly divided into three groups; each group had seven subjects. Their diet would not be changed, but they were assigned to three different exercise prescriptions groups. All exercise prescriptions included an aerobic exercise (walking) session for a six-week duration and five times per week. The three groups were different in terms of exercise intensity (Group Ⅰ: 50%-55% HR(subscript max); Group Ⅱ: 60%-65% HR(subscript max); and Group Ⅲ: 70%-75% HR(subscript max)) and exercise duration (Group Ⅰ: 60 minutes, Group Ⅱ: 50 minutes, Group Ⅲ: 40 minutes). The anthropometric data (weight, height, body fat percentage and circumference of waist and hip) and physiological indexes (immunoglobulin IgA, IgG and IgM) were measured 48 hours before and after the exercise session. After the six-week aerobic exercise, all subjects in the three groups significantly improved (p＜.05) in weight, BMI and body fat percentages. Although all subjects improved in the waist and hip ratios, only subjects in group Ⅲ reached the significant level (p＜.05). Regarding the immunoglobulin response, both Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ significantly increased (p＜.05) in IgA, IgG and IgM. Besides, IgG and IgM did not change in Group Ⅲ, while significantly decreased in IgA (p＜.05). The exercise prescriptions for Groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ could improve the anthropometric indexes as well as the immune response. Thus, these two exercise prescriptions could be served as safe and feasible methods for weight reduction and enhancement of the immune functions.