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Horse Racing as an Ancient Greek and Roman Leisure Pastime

This paper highlights the significance of leisure pursuits, specifically horse racing events, since ancient Greek and Roman times. As a sport and leisure pastime, horse racing was an unrestricted passion during the ancient Greek and Roman Empires. Horse racing events serve as an occasion for people to embrace their fundamental right to leisure. As a result, it also affected the views of horse racing as a leisure pastime activity. This paper conceptualises the relationship between horses and humans since ancient Greek and Roman times as a leisure pastime activity. It is not only a recognised sport globally but also known as one of the eldest sports in humankind. Since the domestication of horses, people wanted to distinguish who had the fastest and greatest horse, resulting in the origin of horse racing events. While the Greeks and Romans had different perspectives on the meaning of leisure, both these empires hosted events, such as horse racing, for entertainment and pleasure.

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Yoga in University Sports: Effects on Spirituality, Well-Being, And Physical Symptoms Among Students - A Quasi-Experimental Study

According to international studies, practising yoga has positive effects on the mental and physical health of the young generation and adults. Our study aimed to examine how yoga practice in physical education settings affects the subjective assessment of spirituality, the different aspects of well-being (subjective, psychological) and the physical symptoms, and how the values of yoga practitioners differ from control (sports) with similar frequency. In the study, 290 Hungarian university students (234 women, 81%) participated in a 10-weeks study, and the mean age was 21.47 (SD = 1.71) years. Spirituality was measured with the Spiritual Health and Life-Orientation Measure (SHALOM). Well-being was assessed with Scales of Psychological Well-Being (SPWB), WHO Well-Being Index shortened version (WBI-5), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). The physical symptoms were measured with the Pennebaker Inventory of Limbic Languidness (PILL). Intra-group changes were tested with Wilcoxon signed ranks tests and between group comparisons with Mann-Whitney U tests. The results showed significant positive intra-group change in yoga group on spirituality (SHALOM) general factor ideal assessment T = 1858.5, z = -2.052, p = .040, d = .22 and experienced assessment T = 2197, z = -2.064, p = .039, d = .22. Among dimensions of spirituality the personal (ideal) T = 959, z = -2.19, p = .029, d = .17 and transcendental (experienced) T = 1097, z = -2.17, p = .030, d = .16 values showed positive effects. In the case of physical symptoms (PILL) the sport group showed negative change T = 10568.5, z = -3.158, p = .002, d = .22, this indicates better health. No other intra-group changes were observed. Between group difference was detectable in spirituality (SHALOM) personal and environmental dimensions during post-test, yoga group with higher level. The sports group showed fewer physical symptoms (PILL) than the yoga group in the pretest and post-test. According to our study, the spiritual well-being of university students increases through the yoga PE classes. The effect of sports PE classes is more pronounced in promoting more favourable physical symptoms. Overall, there is no significant difference between the measured effects of yoga and sports exercise among students. Therefore yoga could be recommended as one of the practices in university PE classes.

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Youth, Physical Activity and Leisure: An Analysis of a Youth Program in Brazil

This paper aims to study the interest of young people between 12 and 18 years to engage in physical activity as a leisure option and to verify the influence of the ＂SESC Summer＂ program in stimulating the physical activity practices of young people. This study consists of a qualitative study, interviewing young participants of the ＂SESC Summer＂ and managers linked to this program's organisation, using a semi-structured interview procedure. Findings showed that young people are interested in physical activity as a leisure option, though it is not a priority, and its practice is aimed at amusement and casualness. The program has several attributes that may attract young people to practice physical activities at SESC, giving the program a transformative potential of young people's reality and showing them different physical activities that can be incorporated into their daily lives.

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The Integration of Philippine Games and Filipino Pop-Dance in The Focus Dance Movement Exploration Model

Philippine games and Filipino pop-dance have been a form of leisure for Filipinos. Numerous benefits of dancing and engaging in games can be seen in the physical, social, and emotional domains. Dance Movement Exploration (DME) is within the Focus DME model in this study. Therefore, this study aims to determine the use of Philippine games (PG) and Filipino pop dance (FPD) in the Focus DME model. This study analysed the documents from the selected DME session conducted in the Philippines. Fifty-four (54) students and eighty (80) indigenous people participated. Documents from the DME session were used to identify the (a) DME session, (b) PG and FPD used, and (c) questionnaire used to identify the experiences of the participants after the session. Data from a and b were summarized, while inductive thematic analysis was utilized to analyze c. The results indicated that PG and FPD were adequate as the main activities during the DME session. The experiences of the participants were generally positive after the session. In conclusion, PG and FPD can be included in the Focus DME model as one of its activities while preserving the Philippines' culture of games and dance.

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Youth Sports and Leisure Activities in Public Spaces: Cultural Production and Social Inclusion

In changing contexts, youth cultural patterns are subject to the existing dynamism between cultural production and cultural reproduction. In this work, we analyzed and compared how youth game and sport practices can be self-managed and developed autonomously, without adult supervision. We observed public spaces, such as open basketball courts, from two different locations: Terrassa (nearby Barcelona, Spain) and Athens (Greece). The framework is based on the right to leisure as provided in Article 31 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child of the United Nations 1989. The ethnography at hand shows that peer contact in a shared space can produce more inclusive activities in informal practices than in source formal ones, hence diversity and inclusion across gender, age, and socio-cultural background is better preserved. Also, among young informal groups, a conducive environment is established which enables teenagers to develop creative and autonomous activities and cultural relationships.