• 期刊

不同肌力訓練青少年運動員瞬發力與速度的影響

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different strength training methods on power and speed for young junior athletes. Maximal vertical jump and continuous vertical jump were used as power test. Twenty-eight junior 100m run was used as speed test item. Twenty-one male junior basketball players were randomly assigned into four groups including plyometric group (PG, n=7), isotonic group (ITG, n=7), isometric group (lMG, n=7) and control group (CG, n=7). PG and ITG participated in plyometric training or isotonic training for 10 weeks, 3 days per week. IMG did the isometric exercise for 10 weeks, 5 days per week. The maximal vertical jump, continuous vertical jump and 100m run was tested at pre and post 10-week of training period. Alpha level equaled to 0.05. The findings were as follows: There were significant improve (p＜.05) in the maximal vertical jump, continuous vertical jump and speed on 3 different strength training method after 10 weeks of training for young junior athletes. Furthermore, no significant difference was found on the power and speed among four groups. It is concluded that three different strength training methods including PG, ITG and IMG improved young junior athletes' power and speed. However, no difference was found among three different training methods on the rate of progression of power and speed for male junior athletes.

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我國大學優秀短、中長跑選手跑步著地期動力學分析研究

Of all the ground reaction force (GRF) characteristics, the vertical component has received the greast attention from a research standpoint. Because of its magnitude, it dominates the resultant GRF. Characteristics such as maximum force, first peak force, loading rate, decay rate and impulse can be readily quantified and have a functional relationship to the running performance. What is the influence of running speed on the GRF? The purpose of this study was to compare the differences of kinetic variables between the speed ranges of 2.0m/s to 4.0m/s, and to insight into the interactions between running speed and kinetic variables, two force plates which have the quartz piezoresistive and capacitative transducers in Gaitway treadmill has used to measure GRF. Ten running cycles for each subject during horizontal treadmill running at the conditioned running speed was collected for analyze and discuss. In this study, we found statistically significant difference of kinetic variables such as maximum force, contact time, first peak force, loading rate and impulse are existed between the different speeds and running performance, and we can conclude that kinetic analysis has the potential to be a valuable tool for individual diagnosis and for examining the effect of various interaction strategies.

• 期刊

跆拳道晉段擊破測驗與踢擊力量關係之研究：以四段組為例

本研究皆在瞭解現行跆拳道晉段擊破項目晉升四段者不同性別、動作、體重與踢擊力量大小的關係，進行探討及實驗。以中部地區跆拳道館或訓練中心學生為對象進行各種晉段動作踢擊力量測試。將以上實驗所得資料以平均數、單因子變異數統計（one-way ANOVA）、雙因子變異數統計分析（two-way ANOVA）及重覆量數平均數變異數統計分析男、女性晉段者踢擊力量。實驗結果如下：一、不同性別、動作與踢擊力量的差異晉升四段者所有擊破動作（360度後踢、旋踢、後旋踢）的踢擊力量，男性踢擊力量顯著大於女性。二、不同體重等位、動作與踢擊力量的差異（一）男性方面男性晉升四段者不同體重等位、動作與踢擊力量有顯著差異的動作是360度旋踢及360度後旋踢，而360度後踢無顯著差異。（二）女性方面女性晉升四段者不同體重等位、動作與踢擊力量有顯著差異的動作是360度旋踢，而360度後踢及360度後旋踢無顯著差異。（三）男女性男女性晉升四段者不同體重等位、動作與踢擊力量有顯著差異的動作為360度旋踢及360度後旋踢。綜合以上的結果發現，大部分不同的性別及動作，因體重較重其踢擊力量愈大均有顯著差異，這也驗證了研究者與資深教練們多年來對於晉段測驗的觀察及教學經驗所得的結論，建議跆拳道協會在晉段測驗時必須依性別及體重，訂定不同標準的踢擊力量。

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從2000年雪梨奧運日本柔道金牌選手之戰術技術探討我國柔道發展趨勢

本研究利用系統觀察法之事件抽樣法針對2000年雪梨奧運期間NHK所拍攝之日本四位冠軍柔道選手進行戰術和技術的分析，結果得知日本選手的搶手模式以前襟抓法為主，移動的方向以向前為主，攻擊的技術以足技居多，大多集中在B區角落攻擊，攻擊的型態為積極主動型態，並且在比賽的前三分鐘獲得一勝的機率最高。

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棒球投手投球時最佳自由腳伸踏方向與體重移動之分析

本研究主要探討投手投球時，自由腳伸踏方向與體重中心移動軌跡對於球速和好球帶準確性是否有很高的顯著性，受測者分為兩組；A組是以國立臺灣體育學院棒球代表隊9名投手群（平均球迷=128.7 ± 3.4517 km/h簡稱為快速球群）、B組是該校其他項目代表隊9名選手群（平均球速=92.9 ± 10.2 km/h簡稱為低速球群）。顯示快速球群在投球時，自由腳的伸踏方向和體重中心移動軌跡朝向本壘板所致。而低速球群在投球時，自由腳的伸踏方向及體重中心移動軌跡偏離本壘板甚多所致。兩組經由t-test p值1.96159*^(-5)，顯示快速球群與低速球群有非常顯著的差異。依好球帶的準確率視之，快速球群之好球帶準確率為84%，低速球群之好球帶準確率為18%。因此在投手投球時自由腳的方向和體重中心移動是否正確，不論是球迷或好球帶的準確性會造成很大的差異。

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不同材質棒球及不同投球動作速度之比較分析研究

We study different types of pitching baseballs, which were made of various materials. The major roles are six pitchers of baseball team of Kuang Wu Institute of Technology. Their average age is 20.17 ± 1.47 years old, average height is 176.67 ± 6.62 cm, and average weight is 74.1 ± 9.00 Kg. The speeds of pitched baseballs were measured by speed measurer. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software and the two samples were studied by the t-test statistical analysis. The results are shown in the following.1. The speeds of type 1 hard straight ball and soft straight ball are respectively 119.48 ± 5.32 and 117.23 ± 6.17 Km/hr. The value of t-test is 4.40*(p＜0.05), so the two samples are obviously different.2. The speeds of type 1 hard curve ball and soft curve ball are respectively 94.4 ± 6.97 and 114.77 ± 6.70 Km/hr. The value of t-test is 4.21*(p＜0.05), so the two samples are obviously different.3. The speeds of type 2 hard straight ball and soft straight ball are respectively 118.60 ± 6.97 and 114.77 ± 6.70 Km/hr. The value of t-test is 3.93*(p＜0.05), so the two samples are obviously different.4. The speeds of type 2 hard curve ball and soft curve ball are respectively 91.38 ± 8.68 and 90.35 ± 10.85 Km/hr. The value of t-test is 0.90 (p＞0.05), so the two samples are not obviously different.5. The speeds of type 1 hard straight ball and type 2 hard straight ball are respectively 119.48 ± 5.32 and 118.60 ± 6.97 Km/hr. The value of t-test is 1.67 (p＞0.05), so the two samples are not obviously different.6. The speeds of type 1 soft straight ball and type 2 soft straight ball are respectively 117.23 ± 6.17 and 114.77 ± 6.70 Km/hr. The value of t-test is 3.25*(p＜0.05), so the two samples are obviously different.7. The speeds of type 1 hard curve ball and type 2 hard curve ball are respectively 94.40 ± 7.92 and 91.38 ± 8.68 Km/hr. The value of t-test is 3.32*(p＜0.05), so the two samples are obviously different.8. The speeds of type 1 soft curve ball and type 2 soft curve ball are respectively 89.52 ± 10.28 and 90.3 ± 10.85 Km/hr. The value of t-test is -0.85 (p＞0.05), so the two samples are not obviously different.For various materials, hard balls are faster than soft ones, regardless of pitching types. Moreover, type 1 is superior to type 2, for hard straight, soft straight balls, and hard curve ball. Therefore, pitchers should utilize type 1 in case no runner in the field bases because it is more powerful in speed.

• 期刊

不同球齡羽球運動員預期準確性及反應時間之研究

本研究以電腦輔助動作分析學習系統（Computer Aided Motion Analysis Learning System; CAMALS）及選擇反應時間測量裝置為主要研究工具，採影片模擬技術（video simulation techniques）探討不同球齡羽球運動員預期對手擊球落點準確性與反應時間的差異。受試者為高雄市莊敬國小（N=32）、英明國中（N=33）及高雄中學（N=30）羽球運動員，平均球齡分別為1.94±0.72年、4.76±0.83年、6.83±1.53年，以預期失誤率及反應時間作為依變項，採獨立樣本單因子變異數分析進行統計考驗。在本研究範圍所獲得的結論為：在國小至國中的羽球訓練初期階段，運動員預期能力的發展會隨著球齡的增長而獲得基本成長，然而在國中至高中階段，此一能力的發展則出現高原停滯的現象。

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女子足球選手在比賽中移動距離之研究

本研究的目的在於瞭解女子足球選手在比賽中的移動距離，作為評價比賽中體力發揮的情形以及各隊、選手的戰術分析之基本資料。以參加1999年世界盃、亞洲盃之大陸女子足球代表隊對以醒吾商專為名的我國國家代表隊的20名選手比賽為研究對象，利用筆記法，以每2位記錄員固定觀察追蹤記錄一名選手，在比賽中全場移動的軌跡於比賽球場等比例的縮小球場記錄紙上，以每5分鐘為一個單位，並以curivimetre計測，再換算成實際移動距離。其結果如下：平均全場移動距離，中國隊是7,890m，醒吾隊是8,823m，兩隊之間未出現顯著差異，但是比同水準的男子隊移動量略低。上半場移動距離中國隊平均是3,954m，醒吾隊是4,431m，下半場中國隊是3,936m，醒吾隊是4,392m，移動量雖有遞減的趨勢，兩隊之間也未出現顯著的差異。平均每5分鐘移動距離的變化，中國隊上半場開賽後20分鐘內維持一定水平，而後開始遞減至35分鐘時，出現最低的傾向，約為300m左右，全隊平均437m。下半場開賽後移動量出現遞減至25分鐘，平均437m。醒吾隊上、下半場開賽後則呈現持續遞減的趨勢，上半場至35分鐘時和大陸隊出現相同的傾向，平均492m及488m。兩隊均在上、下半場結束前有再上升的傾向，可能是最後意志力（last spurt）發揮的結果。透過隨時間變化的移動距離，可以瞭解大陸隊具有在開賽後進行快速而猛烈攻擊的特性，約20分鐘後攻擊的節奏有減緩的趨勢。醒吾隊雖然移動距離較多，但是卻呈現開賽後一直遞減至終場前的趨勢。選手的移動圖經過資料處理後，可以顯示出選手的移動特性，作為有效戰術分析的基本資料。

• 期刊

輕艇水球比賽得分要素之分析

The purpose of this study was to analyze the goal-scoring factors in the canoe polo matches and provide future references for coaches during competition and training. Six factors such as scoring time, scoring area, scoring styles, attacking styles, the number of passes and shot motion styles were emphasized in this study. The information of subjects based on the preliminary and final results of the selection of Chinese Taipei delegation team for the 9th Asian Canoe Championship. Total number of 13 matches was recorded by digital camcorder. By playback VCR, all information during matches was observed and recorded by authors. In order to find the differences among all factors, X^2 test was used by this study and α=.05. The results were found: 1. the average number of goals in every match was 7.8 goals. In comparison of goals, no significant difference was found among four 5-minute periods (p＞.05), however, there were significant differences among six scoring areas (p＜.05). Area B (the area in front of the goal) had the highest goals scored about 79.1 % of all matches. 2. In the comparison of scoring styles, there were significant differences of goals among seven scoring styles (p＜.05). 33.7% of goals were scored by fast-break style. 3. In comparison of the number of passes, 90% of goals were scored less or equal to four passes. 4. In comparison of shot motion styles, 80.2% of goals were scored by using overhand shoot style.

• 期刊

大、小桌球比賽對世界級女子選手相持球使用率的影響

國際桌球總會於2000年10月開始實施桌球球體加大案，將小球（38mm）改為大球（40mm），為的就是要降低速度與旋轉，增加對打之回合，提高比賽可看性，以吸引更多觀眾的欣賞。本研究目的在探討大、小桌球比賽對世界級女子選手相持球使用率的影響。以參加各國桌球公開賽的3名世界級女子選手為研究對象，蒐集其大球與小球皆互相比賽之場次共計4場，所得資料以百分率、相依樣本t考驗進行統計分析。研究結果顯示：一、在改打大球後世界級女子選手的相持球使用率會增加。在採用小球比賽時的相持球使用率平均為33.75%，改打大球後則增為36%。二、世界級女子選手比賽的相持球使用率在大、小桌球間未達顯著差異。