• 期刊

臺灣及琉球群島兩地狹口蛙科之生物地理與親緣關係初探

分布於遠東地區（臺灣與琉球群島）的四種狹口蛙科經由10種同功異構酶的電泳比較後發現其於肝臟與肌肉中有22個基因座。所取樣的223隻，分屬於16個族群：1個巴氏小雨蛙、5個黑蒙西氏小雨蛙、2個史丹吉氏小雨蛙及8個小雨蛙族群。分析結果顯示巴氏小雨蛙、黑蒙西氏小雨蛙、和小雨蛙有較近的遺傳關係，史丹吉氏小雨蛙則與它們的關係較遠。四種狹口蛙科的16個族群可由遺傳距離的UPGMA結果分為三群（1）臺灣的小雨蛙；（2）臺灣的巴氏小雨蛙、黑蒙西氏小雨蛙和琉球群島的小雨蛙（3）臺灣的、史丹吉氏小雨蛙。此外，狹口蛙科之種間及種內皆以呈現高度的基因分化。

• 期刊

貓延腦黑暗縫合核呼吸神經元之特性

The purpose of the present study was to characterize respiratory-related neurons within the nucleus raphe obscurus (NRO) and to examine their responses to hypercapnia and vagal afferent stimulation. Cat was decerebrated, paralyzed, vagotomized and ventilated. End-tidal fractional concentration of CO2 was maintained at hyperoxic normocapnia. The phrenic nerve was isolated and its activity was monitored. Neuron activity within the NRO was recorded and evaluated to the response to hypercapnia or vagal afferent excitation. Sixty-six of 133 neurons recorded showed respiratory-related activities. They were classified as expiratory-inspiratory (EI), inspiratory-expiratory (IE), tonic inspiratory-expiratory (T-IE) and tonic expiratory-inspiratory (T-EI) or expiratory (E) patterns according to their time-related with phrenic discharge. Responses of 40 respiratory-related neurons to hypercapnia were examined. Discharge rate of 18 neurons was significantly reduced in response to hypercapnia while 8 neurons was enhanced. The remaindering neurons displayed irregular pattern as the concentration of carbon dioxide was increased. With vagal stimulation, most of the neurons (9 of 13) showed a reduction of discharge rate (p＜0.05) whereas the others were either increased or unaffected. These results indicate that respiratory-related neurons within the NRO can be modulated by the inputs from the chemoreceptors and vagal afferents. It also suggest that the NRO may play a role in the regulation of respiration.