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犯罪學研究/Journal of Criminology Research

國立中正大學犯罪防治學系,正常發行

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  • Journals

本研究目的旨在了解觀護人之工作壓力、工作滿意度與職業倦怠之現況,並嘗試了解其關聯性。本次以配置於全國各地方檢察署之主任觀護人、觀護人組長及觀護人作為研究對象,藉由問卷調查法發送共213份問卷,共計回收155份,有效問卷共150份,回收率為70.42%。研究發現觀護人之主要工作壓力以工作負荷為最高,其中行政業務及特殊案件之執行為其工作壓力之主因;於工作滿意度結果則顯示觀護人之內在滿意度高於外在滿意度;於職業倦怠方面則顯示觀護人呈現高度職業倦怠,尤其情緒疲憊感、工作冷漠感及無工作成就感均呈高度相關。於量表間之相關性顯示當觀護人之工作壓力越高,職業倦怠之情形則越嚴重;當工作壓力越高時,其工作滿意度則越低;當工作滿意度越低時其職業倦怠情況則越嚴重。於中介效果檢驗,發現工作壓力對於職業倦怠之影響,受到工作滿意度之部分中介影響。綜合上述研究結果,本研究提出以下建議:(一)行政業務之調整及簡化;(二)加強特殊案件之專業培訓;及(三)通盤檢討觀護制度及組織架構以提升工作滿意度。

  • Journals

在本質上,由於行為人的再社會化屬於憲法對於人性尊嚴、人格自由或所謂的一般人格權的保障範圍,因此具有基本權的地位。另外,由於再社會化基本權一方面具有防禦權的性質,另一方面也基於國家保護義務的要求,因此行為人在服刑期間就有權要求國家排除-不論是來自於國家或第三人-妨害其再社會化的因素。然而,儘管從社會國原則可以得出國家的立法義務,但基於國家在事實上的財政因素,立法者對於再社會化的立法設計仍然有一定的空間存在。對於再社會化基本權的限制方面,一方面涉及公眾的安全威脅問題;另一方面則是涉及行為人自己、國家資源分配以及社會的接受度問題。德國的刑事執行法對於處遇措施的執行設計上有許多的要求,這些要求不僅能促進行為人重新融入社會及其原本的家庭生活,而且也能降低其未來的再犯風險。由於監禁屬於對人身自由的嚴重干預,因此除非行為人有很高的脫逃可能性或存有濫用危險,否則安置在封閉式監獄就是違反比例原則。同時,國家也有建立外役監或開放式監獄制度的法律義務。

  • Journals

Hong Kong is one of many metropolitan cities in Asia. Its permanent residents are more culturally diversified than other Asian counterparts, with more than 8% of non-ethnic Chinese inherited from the British colonial legacy, in addition to the Anglo-Saxon, several clusters of Ethnic Minorities (EMs) with South Asian ethnic background. This brought diversity to the territories but also issues of social management due to the divergence of culture and customs, and not a small number of them are economically and socially underprivileged in the mainstream Chinese community. This paper explores the interactions between the police and EM clusters from a community policing perspective: What were the problems identified by the police, and what have they done for 'crime prevention' purposes? The 'Project Gemstone', aimed at integrating the EM into local communities in 2013, is examined to explore the EM inclusion attempt by the Hong Kong Police. This study in the Asian Hong Kong context reminds the significance of contextual sensitivity to the design and implementation of EM policing and inclusion strategies. It also lets us rethink the concept of community policing which originated and was hypothesized in Anglo-Saxon democracies. The findings also provide insight into the policing authorities of Taiwan in the face of a more pluralistic & mobile population shortly.