由＂Phomopsis mangiferae＂引起之檬果採收後病害發生調查及防治藥劑篩選

＂Phomopsis mangiferae＂係引起台灣檬果果實果腐病及蒂腐病病原菌之一，本研究針對該病原菌進行其在田間引起病害之發生率調查及其防治藥劑篩選評估。由2009–2011年間在台南市玉井及官田地區之愛文檬果果實採後病害調查資料顯示，官田地區檬果果實發生採後果腐或蒂腐病之平均罹病率有51.5%，皆由＂P. mangiferae＂所引起，明顯高於玉井地區之11.9%。由此得知，官田地區的果腐病或蒂腐病之主要病原菌為＂P. mangiferae＂。續將3株＂P. mangiferae＂分離株之分生孢子無傷口接種於田間檬果樹上之未成熟果實，結果顯示大部分果實均可於果實採收後於接種部位出現果腐病斑，顯示本菌於無傷口接種時亦具有感染能力。測試賽普護汰寧、貝芬依滅列、依普同、腐絕、貝芬菲克利、免得爛、甲基多保淨、亞托待克利、亞托敏及得克利等10種藥劑對＂P. mangiferae＂之菌絲生長及孢子發芽影響，結果顯示得克利、亞托待克利及貝芬菲克利在10-100 mg a.i. L^(-1)有效成分濃度下，對所測試之3株＂P. mangiferae＂菌株具有97% 以上之菌絲生長抑制率；而賽普護汰寧、亞托敏及亞托待克利處理下，則可顯著降低病原菌之分生孢子發芽率。以上藥劑皆為目前檬果炭疽病之推薦防治藥劑，於田間防治時可參考作為防治由＂P. mangiferae＂引起之採收後病害之用。

關鍵字

白檬果；採收後病害；藥劑篩選

並列摘要

Phomopsis mangiferae is one of pathogens causing stem-end rot or fruit rot disease of mango in Taiwan. The objectives of this study were to survey and screen fungicides for mango postharvest diseases caused by P. mangiferae. A field survey was performed at Yujing and Guntian Townships in Tainan City during 2009-2011. The results showed this disease incidence was 51.5% in Guntian, greater than 11.9% in Yujing. The results showed that P. mangiferae was the major pathogen of stemend rot or fruit rot disease of mango in Guntian Township. Moreover, three isolates of P. mangiferae, Ph-453, Ph-546 and Ph-550, were inoculated on immature mango fruits, and symptom of fruit rot appeared on the fruits after harvest and ripening. Pathogenicity tests indicated that all of three isolates were pathogenic to mango fruit after harvested. The ten fungicides (cyprodinil + fludioxonil, carbendazim + imazalil, iprodione, thiabendazole, carbendazim + hexaconazole, metiram, thiophanate methyl, azoxystrobin + difenoconazole, azoxystrobin and tebuconazole) were tested theirs efficacy on inhibiting mycelial growth and spore germination of P. mangiferae Ph-453, Ph-546 and Ph-550 isolates in vitro, respectively. The results showed that tebuconazole, azoxystrobin + difenoconazole, and carbendazim + hexaconazole had more than 97% of inhibition when their effective concentrations were from 10 mg a.i. L^(-1) to 100 mg a.i. L^(-1). cyprodinil + fludioxonil, azoxystrobin, and azoxystrobin + difenoconazole were effectively inhibited spore germination. These fungicides are currently recommended to the control of anthracnose for mango, and they could also be used to control the postharvest diseases of mango fruit caused by P. mangiferae in the field.

並列關鍵字

Mango (＂Mangifera indica＂) ；＂Post-harvest diseases＂； Phomopsis mangiferae ； Fungicides screening

國際替代計量

由＂Phomopsis mangiferae＂引起之檬果採收後病害發生調查及防治藥劑篩選

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