護理人員工作特質與職業疲勞的相關性研究

Correlation between Job Characteristics and Occupational Fatigue in Nurses

周春芬(Chun-Fen Zhou) ； 方進博(Jin-Bo Fang)

《護理雜誌》 62卷5期 (2015/10) Pp. 41-50

https://doi.org/10.6224/JN.62.5.41

摘要

背景　護理人員職業疲勞不但會影響護理人員健康，也會嚴重威脅病人安全。雖過去研究已證實工作特質是職業疲勞的重要影響因素，但大陸尚無探討此二者間之相關性研究。目的　瞭解醫院護理人員工作特質、職業疲勞狀況，以及二者間之相關性。方法　採橫斷式研究設計，透過系統抽樣選取成都市綜合醫院住院部護理人員923名為研究對象。研究工具為職業疲勞恢復量表與工作內容量表。資料以百分比、平均數、獨立樣本t檢驗、卡方檢驗、Pearson相關分析及多元回歸分析進行統計分析。結果　護理人員急性、慢性疲勞程度較重，平均分數分別為60.30 ± 22.02、46.44 ± 23.33；工作特質各變項與護理人員職業疲勞呈顯著相關性；工作控制、工作要求及每月夜班天數是護理人員急性疲勞和慢性疲勞的共同預測因子。結論／實務應用　研究結果有助於護理管理者了解護理人員職業疲勞之現況，作為建置改善策略之依據。因護理人員個人特質及自覺的工作控制、工作要求等差異，故制定有效的管理策略須有個別性；如此才能引導護理人員思考工作相關疲勞產生的因素，學會積極應對，以降低其疲勞程度。

關鍵字

護理人員 ； 工作特質 ； 急性疲勞 ； 慢性疲勞

並列摘要

Background: Occupational fatigue in nurses has earned much attention in recent years. This phenomenon affects the health of nurses and threatens the safety of patients. However, few studies have reported on the correlation between job characteristics and occupational fatigue in China. Purpose: The present study describes the nursing job characteristics and nursing occupational fatigue situation at general hospitals in Chengdu in China and explores the correlations between job characteristics and occupational fatigue. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive correlation design with systematic sampling was used to recruit 923 nurses from general hospitals in Chengdu. The structural questionnaires used in this study included a personal datasheet, Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion Recovery Scale (OFER), and Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). Mean, percentage, independent t test, Chi-square test, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis were employed to analyze data. Result: Nurses' acute fatigue level and chronic fatigue level were high, with average scores of 60.30 ± 22.02 and 46.44±23.33, respectively. All dimensions (with the exception of colleague support) correlated significantly with job characteristics and occupational fatigue. Job control, job demand, and amount of shiftwork were important predictors of both acute fatigue and chronic fatigue. Conclusions / Implications for Practice: The results of the study may help the managers better understand the current situation of nurses' occupational fatigue and formulate effective measures that consider the individual characteristics of nurses and the differences in perceived job control and job demand. Furthermore, the results may help nurses better assess the causes of their work-related fatigue and facilitate coping measures in order to reduce acute and chronic fatigue.

並列關鍵字

nurse ； job characteristics ； acute fatigue ； chronic fatigue

參考文獻

盧玉嬴、陳瑞貞、梁淑媛、吳淑芳（2014）．護理人員之工作壓力與職場疲勞之相關性探討．護理暨健康照護研究，10（4），276–285。[Lu, Y. Y., Chen, J. C., Liang, S. Y., & Wu, S. F. (2014). The correlations between job stress and occupational burnout among nursing staff. Journal of Nursing and Healthcare Research, 10(4), 276–285.]

陳玉枝、林麗華（2002）．護理人員授能與組織使命感相關因素之探討．志為護理—慈濟護理雜誌，1（4），53–54。[Chen, Y. C., & Lin, L. H. (2002). Relationships between empowerment and organizational commitment of nurses. Tzu Chi Nursing Journal, 1(4), 53–54.]

洪瑜嬬、林佩蓁、潘純媚、陳秋蓉、何啟功、吳明蒼（2007）．護理人員的輪班工作與睡眠品質、身心健康及家庭功能之間的相關性．勞工安全衛生研究季刊，15(1），17–30。[Hung, Y. J., Lin, P. C., Pan, S. M., Chen, C. J., Ho, C. K., & Wu, M. T. (2007). Association of shift-time schedule with sleep quality, bio-psychological health, and family function among Taiwanese nurses. Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 15(1), 17–30.]

王　霞、金文波、張紅瑾（2013）．臨床護士慢性疲勞綜合征原因分析及應對措施．鄭州大學學報（醫學版），5，713–715。[Wang, X., Jin, W. B., & Zhang, H. J. (2013). Cause analysis and countermeasures of chronic fatigue syndrome in clinical nurses. Journal of Zhengzhou University (Medical Sciences), 5, 713–715.]

李志新、劉兆煒（2007）．職業緊張與健康的研究現狀．預防醫學情報雜誌，23（3），301–303。[Li, Z. X., & Liu, Z. W. (2007). The current research about the status of occupational stress and health. Journal of Preventive Medicine Information, 23(3), 301–303.]