農村婦女參與農會家政推廣教育活動之研究

A Study of Participation of Rural Women in the Activities of Farm Association Home Economics Extension Educational Programs

江翠燕(Tsuey-Yan Jiang)

《農業推廣學報》 9期 (1992/06) Pp. 27-60

https://doi.org/10.29788/RAES.199206.0002

摘要

隨著社會的快速變遷，過去學校所培養訓練的知識、技能已不足以面對新的挑戰，故必須提供成人教育的機會讓成人再接受教育；「人人學習，終身學習」的觀念應普植人心，才能適應多變的社會。「人是農業發展的最重要因素」，在農業生產的角色扮演上，農村婦女的重要性愈來愈被重視，如果有素質優秀的農村婦女，再加上良好的環境配合與協助，對提昇農家生活品質及農村社會的發展有極大的助益。一般之學者對於婦女問題的研究原就不多，且社會參與的研究鮮少有成人教育參與之研究，而農村婦女的成人教育是非常重要的一個題目。本研究試以個人農會家政推廣教育參與之探討，期對農村婦女之成人教育參與情形有所了解。本研究目的為：1.瞭解目前農村婦女參與農會家政推廣教育活動之概況。2.瞭解農會家政班班員和非班員的特徵及其差異。農村婦女成人教育參與行為，是以是否為農會所舉辦之家政推廣教育組織之成員（即家政班班員與否）為其參與行為的標準。由相關文獻之探討，本研究的架構中將農村婦女農會家政推廣教育參與行為的相關因素分為七組概念性的指標：（一）現代化性格，（二）勞動參與，（三）家庭負擔，（四）家人態度，（五）社會經濟地位，（六）社會關係，（七）計畫吸引力，用以涵概個人、家庭、社會、計畫層面的影響因素。並選定有偶農村婦女為主要研究對象。在分析的方法及程序上，配合研究目的分為三部分進行，第一部分係以次數分配、百分比、交叉表等統計量來了解目前農村婦女之參與現況；第二部分乃分別以各變項測量尺度的特性，分別以平均數、標準差、卡方檢定及T檢定等方法來比較不同教育參與行為之農村婦女彼此間的差異情形。在實證資料部分，是以分層立意隨機抽樣方式，在全省北、中、南三區以其高、中、低三種農業人口比例，總共抽出九個鄉鎮，以問卷調查方式取得180位樣本資料，作為本研究分析之基礎，其重要結果發現：一、參與現況：農村婦女之消息主要來源是家政指導員、家政班班員及班長；農村婦女之所以中斷參與及未繼續參與之主要原因是有工作及有幼齡孩童；主要參與者之年齡為25～54歲；之所以參加之原因為：增加新知識、參加團體活動、本身喜歡家政等；參與活動類型最多者為班會、講習會、聯誼活動；有頗高比例的農村婦女有參加其他單位所辦之家政推廣教育活動。二、不同教育參與行為之農村婦女在各變項中的差異性：1.農會家政班班員和非班員之農村婦女在教育程度、現代化性格、勞動參與類型、家庭負擔、家人態度、社會地位、社會關係、及計畫吸引力等變項上有顯著之差異；而年齡、子女勞務、經濟地位等變項並沒有顯著之差異存在。教育程度越高、現代化性格越高、家人態度越贊成、家計負擔較低、家務負擔較低、社會地位較高、社會關係網絡較廣、對計畫吸引力較高者較偏向參與行為，反之則相反。

並列摘要

As the society changes rapidly, the knowledge and skills developed by school training in the past become insufficient to face the new challenges. Therefore, the opportunities for adult to be re-educated should be provided. The notions of ”everybody learns ”and” life-long learning” ought to be broadly taught to adjust to the changeable society. ”Human resource is the most crucial factor in agricultural development.” More and more attention, therefore, is paid to the importance of rural women's role-playing in the agricultural production. With the assistance from environment, it will be extremely beneficial to the improvement of farmers' life quality and the development of rural society, if the quality of the rural women can be raised. Indeed, the adult education for rural women is an important topic for research. This study aims to better understand the involvement of rural women in the adult education, by way of research on the personal involvement in the home economics extension educational (H.E.E.E., hereafter) programs sponsored by the farm associations. The purposes of this study are: (1) to understand current involvement of the rural women in the farm association H.E.E.E. programs; (2) to understand the characteristics of and differences between the members and non-members of the farm association H.E.E.E. organization.The standard of rural women's participating behavior in these programs is decided. by whether .or not the women are members of the farm association H.E.E.E. organizations. According to the research or related document, this study divides the associating factors of rural women's participation in the H.E.E.E. programs into seven notional indices: (1) modern personality, (2) labor participation, (3) family burden, (4) family attitude, (5) social and economic status, (6) social relations, and (7) program attraction. These seven categories include influential factors such as personal, family, social, and program ones. Furthermore, the primary subjects in this study are rural women who are already married. As for the procedure of analyzing methodology, it is divided into three parts, according to the purposes of this research. The first part is to understand the current situation of rural women's participation, using statistics of frequency distribution, percentage, and cross-table. The second part compares the differences between the rural women with variant participation behavior in adult educational programs. The results of these comparisons are demonstrated respectively by statistics of the average, standard derivation, chi-square test, and T-test, according to the traits of the criterion for each variable.In the section of empirical data, I used the method of stratified purposive random sampling. Nine villages from northern, central, and southern Taiwan are selected randomly, according to their percentage of agricultural population. One hundred and eighty sample datas were elicited by designed questionnaires as the basis of the analysis in this study. The important findings are (1) current participation situation: The primary sources of information for rural women are the instructors, group members, and class leaders in the H.E.E.E. programs. The major reasons for the rural women to quit attending the adult educational programs are obtaining new jobs and young babies. The major age of the participants ranges from 25 to 54. The primary motivations to join such programs are to increase new knowledge and skills, to participate in group activities, or having strong interests in home economics. The most popular activities in these programs are group meetings, conferences and social gatherings. A large percentage of these rural women in my study has participated in the H.E.E.E. activities sponsored by other organizations. (2) The variances of different participating rural women in the H.E.E. E. programs in each variable: There is significant difference of education levels, modern personalities, patterns of labor participation, family burden, family attitude, social status, social relations, and program attraction. However, significant differences in the variables of age, labor of children, and economic status between these women are not found in the current study.