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Empowering Communities through Implementing an Integrated Reconstruction Development Program in Taiwan: With A Case Study of Bai-Mi Community

經由「社區總體營造」增強社區實力:以宜蘭縣蘇澳鎮白米社區為例

摘要


台灣從民國83年開始,由行政院文化建設委員會倡議施行「社區總體營造」計畫,透過社區居民自主式的參與,在各地方實施全面性、整體性的社區發展方案,希望能達到活化社區經濟、提高社區生活品質的目標。幾年來,政府投資了相當可觀的人力與經費,初步的評估發現,社區總體營造計畫確實帶來了明顯可見的成果,然而,在實施過程中,仍然有一些問題存在,例如:社區發展計畫的難以持續、地方團體之間的利益衝突、原始發展計畫的扭曲、社區對政府補助的依賴、以及居民參與的缺乏。宜蘭縣蘇澳鎮「白米社區」的發展過程,是說明「社區總體營造」計畫的一個良好實例。由於鄰近社區都市化與經濟發展,白米社區的人口嚴重外移,該社區因此歷經了經濟衰敗的困境。民國82年該社區成立社區發展協會,經過社區人士的討論,決定以當地過去的特產「木屐」作為振興經濟的產業,並舉辨許多相關的社區發展計畫,例如出版社區報、創設「木屐教室」與「木屐工作坊」、木屐陳列館、社區產銷研習班、設立木屐街、以及觀光旅道路線的規劃等等。白米社區的下一步該怎麼走,才能使社區永續發展?在最近的未來,除了木屐產業的「商品化」需進一步加強之外,社區物理環境的美化與空間的安排設計,尤其是替代道路的規劃與建設也是當務之急。

並列摘要


Over the years, Taiwan government has launched various community development programs in order to improve the economic condition of rural societies, to enhance the quality of rural living environment, and to narrow the income difference between rural and urban people. However, despite so many community development programs, popular participation in public affairs is still yet achieved successfully.Due to the disadvantaged situations rural people are facing, a new set of concepts ”the integrated reconstruction of communities” was introduced in 1994 to re-energized the rural communities. The vision of this new program is to revitalize and to reconstruct rural communities with its own unique culture, which is vigorous and sustainable. It was a continuation of the past community development programs with a special focus on its entirety (i.e. integration of all relevant resources) , people participation, people development and the process of bottom-up.The integrated reconstruction of communities program has been conducted for more than four years, and is subject to more deliberate and comprehensive assessment. Based on a preliminary evaluation from the administration agent and the researcher's observation, five results are achieved to some extent since the introduction of this program, including: 1) empowerment of community people, 2) enhancement of community competitiveness, 3) advancement of community pride, 4) improvement of community social and physical environment, and 5) development of grass-root organizations.However, there are also some problems and difficulties happened during the implementation of these programs, which includes: 1) discontinuation of community development programs, 2) political conflicts among the local organizations, 3) distortion of original local development plans, 4) dependence on the government subsidies, and 5) lack of popular participation.The development program of Bai-Mi community (白米社區) is one good example of the ”Integrated Reconstruction of Communities” program. Along with the process of industrialization, economic development, and outmigration, the community living environment was deteriorated. Bai-Mi Community Development Association was formed in 1993 to implement different kinds of revitalizing programs, with a renaissance of the local produce-Moo-Gi (木屐,a kind of wooden slipper). In the near future, the commercialization of Moo-Gi commodity must be enhanced, the spatial arrangement and beautification of the community environment must be improved. The planning and construction of substitute road is even more important.

被引用紀錄


陳瑩達(2004)。社區林業計畫參與組織之研究―充權理論之應用〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342%2fNTU.2004.01327

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