坡地土地利用型態及變遷對逕流影響之研究

The Study of Landuse Patterns Exchange on Runoff

鄧緯傑(Wei-Chieh Teng) ； 周天穎(Tien-Yin Chou)

《中華水土保持學報》 26卷2期 (1995/06) Pp. 89-102

https://doi.org/10.29417/JCSWC.199506_26(2).0003

摘要

在以往坡地開發對河川流域集水區水文環境影響的相關研究中，所採用的資料大多是由現場查勘的人工描繪或應用不同繞圖式應用軟體（如CAD）所建立的類比式（analog）圖面資料與屬性資料，不僅資料的精確度低、零星老舊無法卽時更改，且耗費人力、財力，無法應用於大範圍地區之研究（Burrough，1986；Dangermand，1982；Choley，1987）。因此本研究藉由地理資訊系統（Geographic Information System，GIS）ARC / INFO與遙感探測（Remote Sensing，RS）之應用軟體ERDAS，以八掌溪上游流域觸口以上集水區爲研究範圍進行1984年Landsat MSS影像資料及1986年SPOT衞星影像資料的幾何校正、分類，然後以圖層（coverage）的觀念將向量式（Vector）及格網式（Grid）圖形及相關水文屬性資料建檔。再配合HEC-1及SCS水文模式建立整合性之關聯式地理資訊系統資料庫並計算水文模式所需參數值，納入模式操作，配合模式檢定與統計驗證以探討不同土地利用型態對逕流量之影響。經由應用GIS、RS技術萃取CN值（Curve Numbers）與HEC-1及SCS水文模式所需參數，其洪峰流量推估值與觀測值相近，敏感度分析的結果且可提供未來區域性土地開發策略之參考。

關鍵字

地理資訊系統 ； 遙感探測 ； 向量式 ； 洪峰流量

並列摘要

In the past, the study of watershed hydrology were based on analog data from hands drawing or CAD-liked software. Coarse accuracy, low compatibility for further use, and the lack of updating capacity are the major obstacle of those data been used for hydrological analysis. Although the field surveying technique can cope with the low accuracy issue, but it can not be used for large area investigation due to the time and money consuming. The method of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques are applied for upper Paichang River watershed data analysis in the study. Land utilization patterns are rectified and classified from Spot and Landsat satellite image. Ground information as well as watershed relief are converted to digitized data for overlaying analysis. HEC-1 and SCS model and GIS Vector and Grid Module are adopted for runoff estimation. An integrated relational database were established for essential coefficient extraction to run those hydrologic models. The impact of varied land use patterns on runoff and at upper Paichang River Basin and its relationship are examined.

並列關鍵字

Geographic Information System ； Remote Sensing ； Vector ； Peak Flow