從災害識覺觀點看花蓮縣土石流保全住戶之疏散配合意願

Viewing the Cooperative Evacuation will of Residents in Hualien Potential Debris Flow Area from Hazard Perception

劉雅貞(Ya-Chen Liu) ； 陳紫娥(Zueer Chen)

《中華水土保持學報》 39卷2期 (2008/06) Pp. 125-139

https://doi.org/10.29417/JCSWC.200806_39(2).0001

摘要

本研究以花蓮縣完成疏散避難規劃的土石流潛勢溪流區內保全住戶爲研究對象，依據災害歷史嚴重程度分級後，採分層抽樣抽出其中15處，對其內之保全住戶進行標準化訪談，以獲得保全戶之受災經驗、災害識覺與調適行爲，並瞭解居民對疏散避難規劃的熟悉度、看法與配合意願，及進一步分析可能影響居民疏散配合意願的關聯因子。結果顯示有受災經驗者具高識覺度，調適行爲趨向積極；居民不因災害過於頻繁而產生麻痺現象，惟溪流的整治與歷時已久的災害可能延緩疏散認定時機或降低對環境威脅的警覺心；而不同社經背景的居民，在調適反應與資訊接收上亦有所差異。在未來疏散避難規劃的推行上宜重視：1.提高土石流相關說明會與疏散決策上居民的參與度；2.對弱勢族群的主動協助；3.地方村里幹部訊息傳遞功能的重視。以提升政策的適地性與適時性，以及保全住戶之疏散配合意願，達到疏散避難規劃的目的與功能。

關鍵字

花蓮縣 ； 土石流 ； 疏散避難規劃 ； 災害識覺 ； 調適行爲 ； 疏散意願

並列摘要

The subjects of this research were secured residents living in the potential debris-flow areas of Hualien, where the evacuation plan had been implemented. There were 15 locations selected based on the stratified sampling method and magnitude of historical disasters. A standardized interview was conducted to gain a perspective of the residents' experiences during disasters, perception of hazard, and adjustments afterward. Further, we assessed their familiarity with evacuation, opinions, willingness to follow the plan, and analyzed potential factors that affecting them. The most recent factors affecting them were of particular interest. The pointed out those residents who had gone through disasters remain highly conscious in adjusting. However, constructions and disasters that were a long time ago may deter the timing for evacuations and lessen the sense of alertness of environmental threats. The study also reveals residents of different social and economic backgrounds display differences in adjusting to changes and receiving information. In the future, the key issues for planning evacuations should include (1) encouraging participation of residents in the presentations for debris flow and evacuation policies, (2) actively assisting minorities, and (3) utilizing information delivery by local governmental officials.

並列關鍵字

Hualien ； debris flow ； evacuation plan ； hazard perception ； adjustment ； willingness