香蕉插切落梳與刀具力學模型分析

Banana Crown-Cut by Inserting Cut Type and Mechanical Model Analysis of Thick Cutter

楊洲(Yang Zhou) ； 溫福軍(Wen Fujun) ； 朱正波(Zhu Zhengbo)

《農業工程學報》 64卷2期 (2018/06) Pp. 49-62

https://doi.org/10.29974/JTAE.201806_64(2).0004

摘要

香蕉是全球鮮銷量最大的水果，中國香蕉產量位居世界第二。落梳是香蕉採後處理的重要環節，目前都是人工作業，生產效率低、勞動強度大、果實損傷嚴重，機械化落梳是香蕉採後處理機械化的發展瓶頸。本文以機械化落梳為目標，對比分析人工落梳技術特徵，確定機械落梳方式為插切落梳。通過分析插切落梳過程的力學特徵，明確了切割參數與切割阻力之間的相互作用關係，確定了影響落梳切割力的主要因素為法向載荷、摩擦阻力和刀刃阻力，構建了香蕉插切落梳力學模型。試驗表明，以y軸方向切割阻力為指標，理論模型與試驗曲線趨勢一致，模型峰值切割力374.822 N，試驗平均值363.854 N，峰值誤差3.01%，顯著性分析表明試驗值與理論值差異不顯著(P ＜ 0.05)，模型構建合理。研究結果可以促進落梳裝備的開發，完善香蕉採後處理全程機械化生產線，提升香蕉商品化處理效率。

關鍵字

農作物 ； 香蕉 ； 機械化 ； 落梳 ； 力學模型

並列摘要

Banana is the world's number one fruit in terms of sales volume, and the banana yield of China takes the second place in the world. Crown cutting is an important process after harvest. Currently, artificial operation is commonly used, yet this method is inefficient, labor-intensive, and possible to cause serious damage to the fruit. However, mechanized banana crown cutting is an effective way to break the bottleneck for processing after picking bananas. Focusing on the mechanization of banana crown cutting, this essay compares the characteristics of manual banana crown cutting with that of mechanized banana crown cutting, then identifies the desirable way to be crown insert cutting. It also finds out the relationship between cutting parameters and cutting resistance, determines the main factors affecting crown cutting force, namely, the normal load, friction resistance and edge resistance, and finally establishes a crown insert cutting mechanics model. According to experiment results, with the cutting resistance in the y direction as an index, the theory model is consistent with the experimental curve trend; the peak cutting force of the model is 374.822 N, with the average value of 363.854 N, and the peak error of 3.01%. In addition, significant analysis shows there is no significant difference between the test value and the theoretical value (P ＜ 0.05), and that the model is reasonable. The research results can promote the development of crown cutting equipment, improve the mechanization production line of bananas, and enhance the efficiency of commercialized processing of bananas.

並列關鍵字

Crop ； Banana ； Mechanization ； Crown-cut ； Mechanical Model