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跨越官僚的專業線:網路力量與救災行動

Beyond Bureaucracy: the Evolution of Disaster Relief in the Age of Web 2.0

摘要


本文從九二一地震以來國際社會所發生的天災,觀察社會在「災難回應行為」中,如何透過網路工具結合實地參與、協同合作,進行傳統上被稱為救災的行動。我們的目的在於觀察「技術典範的轉移」與行動者面對災難所採取作為的共同演化關係(co-evolution),並且由下而上提出了新的行動可能,進而在傳統救災主要施行者(政府)所確立的災難回應模式之外重新定義了新的模式與改變方向。網路社會擺脫了傳統官僚體系的國家資源唯一動員機制,提供底層的民眾以人際網絡各自適切的溝通媒介,透過接駁的方式將受災的第一手資訊傳播出來;同時也讓大型災難所喚起的「志願參與者與科技社群」(V&TCs)得以藉由自我組織的方式交換訊息、調配資源與積聚力量。傳統災難回應當中很難被聽見聲音的受災者與志願參與者,在新的模式中擁有較為清晰的行為與型態浮現。災難回應的新技術典範,以即時性、互動性與自發性傳播與擴散連結的方式將大量的資料呈現出來,既帶來了新的契機、同時也呈現出「傳統角色」在歷史轉變中的侷限性。

並列摘要


The emergence of the disaster relief through new web applications has challenged the traditional bureaucracy model but how it evolves has not been well examined in Taiwan. This article reviews the development of emergency responding behaviors in the first decade of the 21st century. The authors argue that although the ideas of web 2.0 has proven useful in the process of disaster management under different disaster context, the bureaucracy has no ideas how to integrate these applications into the traditional relief actions because of the bureaucratic inertia. As we can see in 2004 Tsunami and 2010 Haiti Earthquake, the emergence of the volunteers & technological communities (V&TCs) has tried to fill this gap between the bureaucracy and the new web application and bring new possibilities in disaster relief effort.

參考文獻


唐雲明(2010)。各國災害緊急通訊機制之探討。中華民國危機管理季刊。7(1),1-13。
楊永年(2009)。八八水災救災體系之研究。公共行政學報。32,143-169。
Department of Homeland Security (2008). National Response Framework. Retrieved May 25, 2011, from Federal Emergency Management Agency, Website: http://www.fema.gov/pdf/emergency/nrf/nrf-core.pdf.
Grubner, Bill (2008). Emergency Communications Systems: 5 Do's and 5 Don'ts. Retrieved November 13, 2011, from Technology News World, Website: http://www.technewsworld.com/rsstory/65179.html.
Hopkins, Curt (2011). NYT Crowdsources the Review of 24,000 Palin Emails. Retrieved November 13, 2011, from readwrite, Website: http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/nyt_crowdsources_the_review_of_palin_emails.php.

被引用紀錄


蘇思云(2018)。探討災難期間的社群媒體應用-以八仙事件為例〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201800426

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