日語複合詞的連濁現象與分枝結構

On Voicing Phenomenon and Branching Structures of Compound Words in Japanese

湯廷池(Ting-Chi Tang)

《東吳外語學報》 28期 (2009/03) Pp. 53-72

https://doi.org/10.29737/SJFLL.200903.0003

摘要

本文的目的在於針對窪薗(1999)所提出的①日語複合詞的連濁現象主要出現於左方分枝結構，而極少出現於右方分枝結構，以及②右方分枝結構會阻止複合詞的連濁變化這兩個問題，根據語言事實進行分析與討論，並對比提出答案與條理化。我們的結論是：①根據複合詞詞幹所結合的線性次序來看，左方分枝結構比右方分枝結構更容易解析或解讀複合詞的語意內涵；②連濁現象的能否出現並不在於左方分枝與右方分枝結構的差別，而在於連濁規律是由下而上地依次適用。

關鍵字

複合詞 ； 連濁現象 ； 分枝結構 ； 忠實性原則 ； 必異性原則

並列摘要

This paper aims to answer the two questions raised by Kubozono (1999); namely, is it true (i) that the voicing phenomenon in Japanese compounds occur mainly in the left-branching structure and rarely in the right-branching structure, and (ii) that the right-branching structure will prevent the voicing phenomenon from occurring in compounds? We reanalyze the relevant linguistic facts and propose alternative solutions different viewpoints from Kubozono's. Our conclusions are: (i) the parsing of compounds is easier in the right-branching structure, in which parsing starts with the left-most constituent and proceeds forward according to the linear order of the constituents, than in the left-branching structure, in which parsing starts with the right-most constituent and proceeds backward contrary to the linear order of the constituents, and (ii) the occurrence or nonoccurrence of the voicing phenomenon is better explained not in terms of right-branching versus left-branching structures, but in terms of the application of the voicing rule in a ”bottom-up” manner.

並列關鍵字

Compound Words ； Voicing Phenomenon ； Branching Structures ； Faithfulness Principle ； Obligatory Contour Principle

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