Effort-Reward Imbalance as a Risk Factor for Disability Pension: The Finnish Public Sector Study

Anne Juvani ； Tuula Oksanen ； Paula Salo ； Marianna Virtanen ； Mika Kivimäki ； Jaana Pentti ； Jussi Vahtera

《Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health》 40卷3期 (2014/05) Pp. 266-277

並列摘要

Objectives Job strain has previously been shown to predict disability pension, but it is unknown whether effort-reward imbalance (ERI), another major stress model, is also associated with disability pension. Methods We examined ERI as a risk factor for diagnosis-specific disability pension in a cohort of 51 874 public-sector employees in Finland. To control for reporting bias, work unit-level scores of ERI (based on the survey responses of 35 260 employees in 2000-2002) were constructed and linked to all eligible employees. A sub-cohort of the respondents was analyzed also with individual-level ERI. Disability pension data were derived from national pension registers with no loss to follow-up. The outcomes were all-cause disability pension and disability pension due to depression, musculoskeletal diseases, and ischemic heart diseases (IHD). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models (adjusted for sociodemographic factors, baseline health, and work-related characteristics) were used for analyses. Results During a mean 8.9 years of follow-up, 4542 participants were granted disability pension. An increased risk for disability pension due to depression was detected for both high work unit- and individual-level ERI [hazard ratio (HR) 1.63, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.31-2.04 and HR 1.90, 95% CI 1.51-2.40, respectively]. High individual-level ERI increased the risk of disability pension due to musculoskeletal diseases (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.13-1.53), but no association was observed for work unit-level ERI (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.88-1.19). ERI was not associated with disability pension due to IHD. Conclusion The present study showed a consistent association between high ERI and an increased risk of disability pension due to depression.

並列關鍵字

aggregated measure ； depression ； early exit ； early retirement ； ERI ； IHD ； ischemic heart disease ； job strain ； musculoskeletal disease ； psychosocial factor ； work environment ； work stress