萃取時間及次數對土肉桂葉子精油成分及其抗腐朽活性的影響

Effects of Extraction Duration and Time on the Constituents and Antifungal Activities of the Essential Oils from Cinnamomum Osmophloeum Leaf

劉如芸(Ju-Yun Liu) ； 曹雋偉(Chun-Wel Tsao) ； 鄭森松(Sen-Sung Cheng) ； 許原瑞(Yen-Ray Hsui) ； 張上鎮(Shang-Tzen Chang)

《中華林學季刊》 37卷4期 (2004/12) Pp. 445-452

https://doi.org/10.30064/QJCF.200412.0008

摘要

本研究係利用水蒸餾法萃取桂皮醛型土肉桂葉子的精油，評估不同萃取時間（4、6、8、10小時）及次數（1、2、3、4次）對精油收率及化學組成分之影響，並進一步評估抗腐朽菌活性的效果。萃取時間的長短對精油收率沒有太大的影響，但隨著萃取次數的增加，精油的收率則會隨著降低。而利用氣相層析－質譜儀(GC-MS)分析精油的化學組成分得知，精油的主要成分為桂皮醛(Cinnamaldehyde)，其次為β-Caryophyllene，而隨著萃取次數的增加，主要成分的含量會逐漸降低。抗腐朽菌試驗方面，當濃度為100μg／mL，對白腐菌L.b.的抑菌指數均為100%，而對於褐腐菌L.s.而言，萃取時間為4、6及8小時的抑菌指數為100%-98%，但是萃取10小時的抑菌指數則降低為73%。另一方面，隨著萃取次數的增加，精油對白腐菌L. b.及褐腐菌L. s.的抑菌效果均逐漸降低。因此，我們建議桂皮醛型土肉桂葉子萃取4-6小時所得之精油，具有較強的抗腐朽菌活性及較高的精油收率。

關鍵字

抗腐朽菌活性 ； 桂皮醛 ； 土肉桂 ； 精油 ； 氣相層析－質譜儀 ； 水蒸餾法 ； 葉子

並列摘要

In this study, hydrodistillation was employed to extract leaf essential oils from cinnamaldehyde type of Cinnamomum osmophloeum. The influence of different extraction duration (4-, 6-, 8-, 10- hr) and the times of extraction (up to 4 times) on the yield, constituents and antifungal activity of essential oil were evaluated. Extraction duration affects the yield of essential oil slightly, but the oil yield decreased with increasing the times of extraction. GC-MS analyses revealed that cinnamaldehyde is the major compound of the leaf essential oil and β-caryophyllene is the next one. However, cinnamaldehyde content was also decreased with increasing the times of extraction. Results from the antifungal tests demonstrated that antifungal index of essential oils of four different extraction duration at 100μg/mL against white-fungus L. h. were all 100%. In addition, the antifungal index of the essential oils extracted with 4, 6 and 8 hr ranged from 100% to 98% at 100μg/mL against brown-fungus L. s., but that of the essential oil extracted with 10 hr was 73%. On the other hand, the antifungal activity against L. s. and L. h. was decreased with increasing the times of extraction. Thus, we suggest that 4-6 hr extraction of cinnamaldehyde type of C. osmophloeum leaves is an appropriate method for obtaining excellent antifungal essential oils with good yield.

並列關鍵字

Antifungal activity ； Cinnamaldehyde ； Cinnamomum osmophloeum ； Essential oils ； GC-MS ； Hydrodistillation ； Leaf