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楝樹水萃取物處理對柚木和台灣二葉松木材抗白蟻性之增進效應

Enhancing Effects of Chinaberry Water Extract Treatment on Anti-Termite Wood Property of Teak and Taiwan Red Pine

摘要


台灣氣候高溫多濕,台灣家白蟻(Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki)容易孳生,對木結構建築及家具危害頗爲嚴重。本研究利用楝樹(Melia azedarach Linn.)之葉、種子、果皮、及果肉爲材料,以水爲溶劑萃取其內含物,並配製成濃度1000 ppm、2000 ppm、及5000 ppm之楝樹水萃取液,以不同溶液浸泡柚木(Tectona grandis Linn.)與台灣二葉松(Pinus taiwanensis Hay.)之木塊,再用以飼養台灣家白蟻,藉以測試楝樹水萃取物之抗白蟻性。研究結果顯示,以楝樹水萃取液處理之柚木木塊飼養白蟻7天平均死亡率,種子萃取液1000 ppm、2000 ppm、及5000 ppm處理者之100%,顯著高於未處理者之56.0%。在台灣二葉松木塊方面,以種子萃取液處理者之白蟻平均死亡率爲99.5%,顯著高於未處理者之4.0%。本研究證實楝樹萃取物可以提高柚木及台灣二葉松木材之抗白蟻性。柚木木塊之重量損失率以對照組之16.3%爲最高,而以5000 ppm種子萃取液處理者之2.5%爲最低。台灣二葉松木塊之重量損失率以對照組之20.1%爲最高,而以5000 ppm種子萃取液處理者之4.2%爲最低。試驗結果顯示,楝樹水萃取液可以有效地抑制白蟻之蛀蝕。微細構造研究發現,以未處理台灣二葉松木塊餵食之白蟻,其消化道完整;而以楝樹水萃取液處理之台灣二葉松木塊餵食之白蟻,其消化道及胃部萎縮。研究結果顯示,楝樹水萃取液對白蟻之消化系統具有毒害效應。

並列摘要


The extensive reproduction of Formosan termites (Coptotermes, formosanus Shiraki), being a problem in Taiwan due to warm and humid climatic conditions, has caused serious damages to wood constructions and furniture. In this study, contents of leaves, kernels, peels, and pulps from Chinaberry (Melia azedarach Linn.) were extracted with water. The extracts were prepared into three concentrations, i.e., 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm, and 5000 ppm. Wood blocks of Teak (Tectona grandis Linn.) and Taiwan red pine (Pinus taiwanensis Hay.) were soaked with the extracts of different concentrations to test anti-termite properties against Formosan termite. After 7-day feeding test, wood blocks of teak treated with 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm, and 5000 ppm Chinaberry extracts resulted in 10000 averaged mortality higher than that of the control ones (56%). Whereas, wood blocks of Taiwan red pine treated with 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm, and 5000 ppm Chinaberry extracts resulted in 99.5% averaged mortality higher than that of the control ones (4.0%). This study demonstrated that Chinaberry extracts could improve the anti-termite wood property of teak and Taiwan red Pine. The non-treated wood blocks of teak had the highest weight loss rate of l6.3%; and the ones treated with 5000 ppm seed extracts had the lowest rate of 2.5%. However, the non-treated wood blocks of Taiwan red pine had the highest weight loss rate of 20.l%; and the ones treated with 5000 ppm seed extracts had the lowest rate of 4.2%. These observations revealed that China-berry extracts could inhibit the feeding of Formosan termite. Ultrastructure study showed that Formosan termites fed on non-treated wood blocks of Taiwan red pine had integral digestive ducts, however, the ones fed on wood blocks treated with 5000 ppm seed extracts showed shrinkage in digestive ducts and ventriculus. This result indicated that Chinaberry water extracts had toxic effect on digestive system of Formosan termite.

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