陽明山國家公園磺嘴山火山口植相與植群調查

本研究以沿線調查與逢機取樣之樣區法進行陽明山國家公園磺嘴山火山口植相與植群的調查，共設置36個10 m×10 m樣區。植物種類共調查58科108屬148種，其中有14種特有種，稀有植物2種，以及歸化植物6種；生活型組成以挺空植物最多，其次依序為半地中植物、一年生植物、地表植物及地中植物。植物社會依森林、草生地，以及推移帶的灌叢草生地的植群形相進行取樣，群團分析顯示草生地植物社會可分為白背芒型、馬唐型及類地毯草型等3型的草生地植物社會；灌叢草生地與森林植物社會可分為假柃木型、小花鼠刺－狹瓣八仙花型及紅楠型等3型，其中假柃木型屬於推移帶植群型。森林植群型之物種多樣性多高於草原植物社會，以草原－森林植群過渡帶之假柃木型之物種多樣性最高，草生地植群型則以白背芒型物種多樣性最高；樣區間物種相似性指數在假柃木型及小花鼠刺－狹瓣八仙花型達最高，草生地植群型中僅馬唐型及類地毯草型間相似性較高，白背芒組成則與森林植群型相似性較高。典型對應分析顯示，坡度、水分梯度和海拔對地被植群與物種組成造成分化，而這些環境因子皆是火山口地形效應造成。此外，火燒與水牛的啃食、踐踏擾動是磺嘴山火山口植群重要的擾動因子，其擾動程度影響植群物種組成與演替趨勢。

關鍵字

陽明山國家公園；火山口植群；梯度分析；演替

並列摘要

A total of 36 randomly sampled plots (10 m × 10 m) were established at the volcano crater of Mt. Huangzui to survey the flora and vegetation structure in Yangmingshan National Park. A total of 148 species representing 108 genera and 58 families were recorded, including 14 endemic species, two rare plants, and six naturalized plants. The most dominant life form phanerophytes, followed by hemicryptophytes, annual plants, chamaephytes, and cryptophytes. The vegetation was sampled according to the vegetation physiognomy (i.e. forest, shrub-grass land, and grassland). Cluster analysis showed that grassland vegetation communities can be divided into the following three types: Miscanthus sinensis var. glaber type, Digitaria sanguinalis type, and Axonopus fissifolius type. The shrub-grass and forest vegetation communities can be divided into the following three types: Eurya crenatifolia type, Itea parviflora-Hydrangea angustipetala type, and Machilus thunbergii type. The understory species diversity of forests was higher than that of grassland plant society. Among forest communities, the species diversity of Eurya crenatifolia type was highest. Among grassland communities, the species diversity of Miscanthus sinensis var. glaber type was highest. The species similarity index showed a high value between Eurya crenatifolia type and Itea parviflora- Hydrangea angustipetala type; it also achieved a high species composition similarity between Digitaria sanguinalis type and Axonopus fissifolius type. The composition of Miscanthus sinensis var. glaber type was more similar to forest than grassland vegetation. The canonical correspondence analysis indicated that vegetation and species composition differentiation was caused by slope, moisture gradient, and elevation. All these environmental factors are due to crater topography effects. The environmental factors that affect the volcanic vegetation flora of Mt. Huangzui were disturbance of fire, gnawing, and trampling of Bubalus bubalis. The degree of disturbance also affected the species composition and vegetation succession.

並列關鍵字

Yangmingshan National Park ； Volcanic vegetation ； Gradient analysis ； Succession

國際替代計量

陽明山國家公園磺嘴山火山口植相與植群調查

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